Essay --

It is not a big secret that Americas quality of education is sub-par. According the article, US 17th In Global Education Ranking Finland, South Korea Claim Top Spots by Amrutha Gayathri, its obvious from the title alone that the joined States is falling behind. Without change, the United States will continue to be behind in education. An issue that currently plagues the American education system is sex deflect. Gender bias in schools has been addressed in laws, but it still persists in American schools, such as Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 and the U.S. code Title 42, Chapter 21 regarding Civil Rights. Both laws attempt to discourage gender bias through the illegality of gender discrimination. Title IX addresses bias in federally funded educational and gymnastic programs in schools and colleges within the United States. Title 42, Chapter 21 of the U.S. Code prohibits discrimination based on gender, age, race, religion, and other characteristics within a number of se ttings, including education. Despite these laws, gender bias is still prevalent within American schools. A proposed antecedent to gender bias is gender segregated classrooms, which has proven to be a usual alternative to co-ed classrooms. Leonard Sax, author of Six Degrees of Separation What Teachers Need to Know about the Emerging Science of Sex Differences, is a leading proponent of single-sex schools. Single-sex schools ar not without critics though. Jaclyn Zubrzyckis article, Single-Gender Schools Scrutinized, claims that single-sex environments are not inherently beneficial for boys or most girls. When considering both Zubryckis and Saxs findings, it would seem that the ideal solution to liberate the American education system of gender... ... teachers to believe that boys are more intelligent than girls. Scantlebury found that teachers who do believe boys are more proficient than girls in mathematics, are more likely to reframe and breakdown interrogatorys into a series of simpler questions in an effort to assist the student to attain the answer. No such luxury is precondition to females in math classes. Teachers are more likely to restate the question and ask another student to answer typically the student teachers selected to answer the question was a boy (Scantlebury). Its clear that in classes which are perceived to be male oriented, teachers are willing to work more in-depth with males. Interestingly, Scantlebury found the black eye to be true in subjects perceived as feminine. Teachers spend more time with female students than with male students in subjects that the teachers believe are female oriented.

Hobsons Choice by Harold Brighouse Essay -- Hobsons Choice Harold Br

Hobsons Choice by Harold BrighouseAnalyse the events of act one and discuss how the playwright, HaroldBrighouse prepares the audience for the transformation of WillMossops character as seen in act four.Hobsons Choice was set in the Victorian time of 1880. It was writtenin 1915 and is a Lancashire comedy that also refers to class. WhenMaggie marries Will, it is seen as a disgrace because Maggie ismarrying person of a lower class.Hobsons choice shows the rise of Will Mossop (a boothand) who is anervous, unconfident man and how he changes when he marries Maggie,the daughter of Hobson. Maggie is the complete opposite of Will andshe transforms him. It shows Hobson and others around them disagreeingwith the wedding.In this essay, I am going to analyse the transformation of Will Mossopfrom act1 to act4 and say how he has changed.We first see Will Mossop when Mrs Hepworth, an important customer ofHobsons enquires about who do the boots that she has.Who made these boots?Mrs Hepworth seeks t he assistance of Maggie to find out who made theboots, after getting nowhere with Hobson. This puts Hobson out and hestill tries to interfere and show his importance. He assures MrsHepworth that he will make the man that made them keep up if there isanything wrong with them.if there is anything wrong I assure you Im capable of making theman sufferWill appears from the trap door. He is lanky man who is not stupid,but has been stunted mentally. His clothes are poor and shabby but hehas qualities and regulate in him.When Mrs Hepworth speaks to him he is nervous and when she goes togive him her card he ducks expecting a blow of her.In the film version when we first... ... doesnt take no for ananswer from Hobson.In Conclusion I feel that Maggie is solely responsible for the changein Will. Since she dragged him into marrying her he has changed into astrong, self-confident and self-assured man. At the end of act 1 heshows that he wont be bossed about by Hobson and becomes determinedto m arry Maggie.He turns into the strongest man in the play from being the weakest. Henow knows what he is doing in life and is not afraid of changes as hewas at the beginning of the play. He is now successful and respectablebut he doesnt hilarity or boast over Hobsons misfortunes. At the end ofthe play he shows of all his new qualities. Wills change has happenedfor the best for him without a doubt but not for Hobson. Hobson usedto be in charge of Will and boss him around but now the tables haveturned as Hobson now needs Will.

World War 2 and the Superpower Nation :: essays research papers

The second base World War gave rise to a multitude of new ideas which changed the course of modern society, the idea which has had the greatest impact on the human beings as a whole is the concept of the superpower nation. To be a superpower, a nation needs to have a strong economy, an overpowering military, enormous international political power, and related to this, a strong national ideology. It was this war (WWII), and its results that spawned the formation of superpowers and lead them to experience such a preponderance of power. To understand how the Second World War impacted birth of superpowers it is important to first understand and examine the causes of the war. The United States gained its strength in world affairs from its status as an economic power and as a heavily industrialized nation. In the years preceding the war and the Great Depression, America was the worlds largest producer and arguably had the strongest and to the highest degree stable economy. In the USSR at the same time, Stalin was implementing his five year plans to modernize the Soviet economy. From these situations, similar foreign policies resulted from widely divergent origins. Roosevelts isolationism emerged from the wide and prevalent domestic appetency to remain neutral in any international conflicts. It was widely believed that America entered the First World War simply in order to save its industrys capitalist investments in Europe. Whether this is the case or not, Roosevelt was forced to work with an inherently isolationist Congress, and expanding its horizons after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. He signed the Neutrality incite of 1935, making it illegal for the United States to ship arms to the belligerent governments of any conflict. The act also stated that belligerent nations could buy only non-armaments from the US, and even these were only to be bought with cash. In contrast, Stalin was by necessity interested in European affairs, but only to the point o f concern to the USSR. Russian foreign policy was essentially Leninist in its concern to keep the USSR out of war. Stalin wanted to consolidate Communist power and modernize the countrys industry. The Soviet Union was committed to collective action for peace, as long as that commitment did not mean that the Soviet Union would take a brunt of a Nazi attack as a result. Examples of this drive out be seen in the Soviet Unions attempts to achieve a mutual assistance treaty with Britain and France.

Globalization and Dubai’s Tourism Industry Essays -- Dubai’s Tourism In

Dubai is one of the seven Emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates. Dubai is locate in a south of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula with the largest population of 2.2 million, 15% being Emiratis and 65% south Asians. Over the decades, Dubai has shown unbelievable growth, from a small fishing town to one of the most iconic cities in the world. The growth has been based on the oil discoveries and revenue it created. (Mazza, n.d.)In the past half century, Dubais economy was based on fishing, pearl diving, date farming, camel rearing and sea trade. By the turn of the 20th century, Dubai was a well-off port to attract settlers from Iran and India. This resulted to a large Indian population that settled in Dubai and was particularly active in the shops. This cosmopolitan atmosphere and air of tolerance began to attract other foreigners.This piece aims to investigate ways which Dubai have used to attract globalization and develop their tourism industry. Dubai put tourism at the core of its economic development plans in order to diversify and strengthen its economy, while decreasing its dependency on fluctuating oil prices (Sharpley 2008). The plans have been successful in 2007, non-oil revenues contributed to 63% of GDP, with Dubai contributing 29%, to the UAEs total GDP. What is more surprising is that due to Dubais push to use tourism to diversify its economy, Dubai contributes over 80% of the non-oil related GDP in the UAE. Dubai is now considered one of the top tourist destinations in the world. In 2011, Dubais top tourist source markets outside the UAE were Saudi Arabia, India, UK, Iran, and the US. touristry in DubaiTourism in Dubai is an important part of the Dubai governments strategy to uphold the movem... ...trips and tourism packages, all contribute to the continuous growth of tourism industry. Tourism has also had both dogmatic and negative impacts on Dubai. It has boosted Dubais economy but has brought negative impacts. The negatives are mainly cultural dilution and poor working conditions for the informal sector workers.Works CitedBrook, D. (2013). How Dubai Became Dubai. A History of Future Cities.Marketing, D. D. (2012). Dubai for Tourism . Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE).Mazza, G. C. (n.d.). Development of Tourism in Dubai. Retrieved 02 25, 2014, from Gastronomy and Global cities http//laudergastronomy.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Development-of-Tourism-in-Dubai_Grace-Chang-Mazza.pdfSharpey, R. (2008). Tourism and hospitality Planning and Development. In R. Sharpley, & R. Sharpley, Planning for tourism the cuticle of Dubai (pp. 13-30).

The Development of Management Information Systems :: Business Management Studies

The Development of Management Information SystemsThe role of business teaching systems has changed and expanded overthe last four decades.In the incipient decade (1950s and 60s), electronic data processingsystems could be afforded by only the largest organizations. Theywere used to bear witness and store bookkeeping data such as journalentries, specialized journals, and ledger accounts. This was strictlyan operations support role.By the 1960s management reading systems were used to generate alimited range of predefined reports, including income statements (theywere called P & Ls back then), balance sheets and sales reports. Theywere trying to arrange a purpose making support role, but they werenot up to the task.By the 1970s decision support systems were introduced. They wereinteractive in the sense that they allowed the user to choose mingled withnumerous options and configurations. Not only was the user allowedcustomizing outputs, they also could configure the programs to the irspecific needs. There was a cost though. As part of your mainframeleasing agreement, you typically had to payment to have an IBM systemdeveloper permanently on site.The main development in the 1980s was the introduction ofdecentralized computing. Instead of having one large mainframe ready reckoner for the entire enterprise, numerous PCs were spread aroundthe organization. This meant that instead of submitting a job to thecomputer department for batch processing and waiting for the expertsto perform the procedure, each user had their own computer that theycould customize for their own purposes. Many poor souls fought withthe vagaries of DOS protocols, BIOS functions, and DOS batchprogramming.As people became comfortable with their unused skills, they discoveredall the things their system was capable of. Computers, instead ofcreating a paperless society, as was expected, produced mountains ofpaper, most of it valueless. Mounds of reports were generated justbecause it was possible to do so. This information overload wasmitigated just about in the 1980s with the introduction of executiveinformation systems. They streamlined the process, giving theexecutive exactly what they wanted, and only what they wanted.The 1980s also saw the first commercialized application of artificialintelligence techniques in the form of expert systems. Theseprograms could give advice within a very limited subject area. Thepromise of decision making support, first attempted in managementinformation systems back in the 1960s, had step-by-step, come to

The Development of Management Information Systems :: Business Management Studies

The Development of Management Information SystemsThe role of business information systems has changed and expanded overthe last four decades.In the incipient decade (1950s and 60s), electronic data processingsystems could be afforded by only the largest organizations. Theywere used to record and store bookkeeping data such as journalentries, specialized journals, and ledger accounts. This was strictlyan operations support role.By the 1960s management information systems were used to generate alimited range of predefined reports, including income statements (theywere called P & Ls spinal column then), balance sheets and sales reports. Theywere trying to perform a decision making support role, but they werenot up to the task.By the 1970s decision support systems were introduced. They wereinteractive in the sense that they allowed the user to choose betweennumerous options and configurations. Not only was the user allowedcustomizing outputs, they also could put together the programs to theirspecific needs. There was a cost though. As part of your mainframeleasing agreement, you typically had to pay to have an IBM systemdeveloper permanently on site.The main developing in the 1980s was the introduction ofdecentralized computing. Instead of having one large mainframecomputer for the entire enterprise, numerous PCs were spread aboutthe organization. This meant that instead of submitting a job to thecomputer department for batch processing and waiting for the knowingsto perform the procedure, each user had their feature computer that theycould customize for their own purposes. Many poor souls fought withthe vagaries of DOS protocols, BIOS functions, and DOS batchprogramming.As people became comfortable with their new skills, they discoveredall the things their system was capable of. Computers, instead ofcreating a paperless society, as was expected, produced mountains ofpaper, most of it valueless. Mounds of reports were generated justbecause it was possible to do so. This information overload wasmitigated somewhat in the 1980s with the introduction of executiveinformation systems. They sleek the process, giving theexecutive exactly what they wanted, and only what they wanted.The 1980s also saw the first commercial application of artificialintelligence techniques in the form of expert systems. Theseprograms could give advice within a very limited subject area. Thepromise of decision making support, first attempted in managementinformation systems back in the 1960s, had step-by-step, come to

How Internet Affects Life Essay

Nowadays, the use of Internet is increasing peculiarly among adolescence or more accurately, students. The Internet issue is discussed by the adults and parents. or so of them are worried that the use of Internet is dangerous to their kids. Some others said that Internet may bring benefits to their children especially to those who allow be sitting for an examination.On my opinion, Internet has both benefits and drawbacks. First of all, let me talk about the benefits first. As we know, Internet is mostly used by students. By surfing internet, students fag blab various websites to assist their studies. The examples of popular websites are tutortv.com , unicliq.com , and tutor.com.my. They croup visit the websites and revise their studies in more exciting way. Some of them are free. Students can visit it anytime they indispensability. The websites similarly provide useful notes and exercises. At the same time, students can get additional information that they cannot find it in b ooks. For instance, they can go to Google or Yahoo lookup engines to search for more ideas to write an essay. In short, Internet provides vast informations and knowledge which is very beneficial for the students.Next, Internet also provides lots of social networks such as Facebook , Twitter, MySpace and many other. Through these social networks, we can add more friends and make new friends. We can also know friends from other country as these social networks are used internationally. Other than adding friends, we can also strengthen our relationship with our friends and family who are staying far away from us using Skype. We can see them in front of our eyes eventhough they are actually far away from us through web camera.Besides, Internet also offers entertainment. We canwatch characterizations of our favourite artists by just hotshot click through Youtube website. We can also watch favourite movies without paying. Plus, there are many artists born from Youtube. So, fans can kn ow more about the artists from Youtube. Meanwhile, 4shared.com provides tracks, videos and files that can bedownloaded for free Internet users can enjoy themselves at anytime watching their favourite artists performance for free.Internet doen not only offersbenefits for students only when also to those who want to gain more money. It also provides business opportunities. As for example, mudah.my gives a wide room for surfers to promote anything they want to sell. Through this, people with no job can gain money and support their lives by doing the online business.However, as I said earlier, Internet also brings bad effects to its users. Firstly, it can encourage cyber crimes. Besides that, students who set down too much time on Internet may neglect their studies and do not finish their homework. This should be avoided as studies are important especially to teenagers.Although Internet can add more friends to our list, yet, it still can develop anti-social behaviour. Not all of the u sers use Internet to make friends, someof them only play video games or just sit down wayching videos on Youtube. They will only sit and ignore what is happening around them. The worst thing is, they may not realise that there is an earthquake out there This anti-social behaviour may leads to health problems. The users will just stay at home and sit in front of computer and this will cause them to be lazy couch potatoes. It will also lead to obesity.Next, most students will not attracted to surf inner websites, but wasting their time on other non-beneficial things. Wasting timeon Internet can cause students to neglect their studies. Not only time is wasted but also money. With the uses of more electricity non-stop, utility bills may increase dramatically. We just not pay for the electric bills but also internet monthly bills.The terminal is, everything has its own benefits and drawbacks. However, it depends on how we are using it. If we spend more time using it for benefits, we wi ll get positive effects. But if we use it more to non-beneficial things, we will get negative effects. So, it depends on you.

How Does Steinbeck Use Setting to Present Key Ideas in ‘of Mice and Men’? Essay

When the enemy reached the trench, they soon recognize that they could not break through the trend that the trench provided. They likewise realized that the trench provided the Germans with shelter from their fire. Soon after, the allies began to dig their own trenches and, therefore, trench warfare began. Not very long after the first trenches of the war were dug, a network of trenches came up. This network spread across France and Belgium for many miles. Within the network, there were three different types of trenches front line trenches, support trenches, and reserve trenches.The first line of trenches was called front line trenches. These were normally two meters deep and had a zigzag pattern to prevent enemy fire from sweeping the entire length of the trench. In order to prevent the trench form caving in, sandbags were stacked against the trench walls. Between the trenches of contend forces laid no mans land. This area between the opposing front line trenches was filled with barbwire and mines to prevent enemy crossing.If a soldier was ever injured in no mans land, he usually was killed because of his vulnerability to enemy fire. The second and third types of trenches were the support and reserve trenches, respectively. These trenches were constructed to easily move supplies and troops to the front trenches. All of the trenches were linked to each other by other trenches, underground tunnels, or telephone communications networks. Barbwire was also stretched across the line to protect from enemy attack.While the design of the trenches and the network of trenches seemed like a great tactic, the reality of the life in the trenches was a different story. Life in the trenches took its toll on the soldiers involved in the war. 2. Trenches were built by the soldiers who had to booking in them. They had to dig these out with spades and other equipment. There was a very clever layout for the trenches. They were built in zigzags to prevent major loss of soldier s if enemy forces breached the trench, also if they were bombed this would prevent lots of loss of life. v

Mang Inasal Sample Paper Essay

Numbers of employees of mang inasal 21 employees including manager including the managers. Number of hours of operation a day working hours, 8. Staff operation 800 am to 1000 pm, on customers, 900 am to 800 am. Reasons for choosing the branch location Since people esteem to spend most of their time in the mall,Problems encountered during the line of business operation the manager laughs that she always encounters some problems to her subordinates, like being late at duties, some members that atomic number 18 hard headed, and reaction of customers that gets the wrong order and slow serving. How they see their business 5 to 10 years from now? the manager says she wad picture Mang Inasal being as more popular as before, growing bigger and better. Like jolibee, she sees Mang Inasal having many branches that extends internationally. Notable Experience in running the business Reasons for having that kind of business according to the manager, Miss Kristine Loayon, they were inform ed during their job seminars and orientations, the owner of mang inasal, Edgar Injap Sia , had a target to have a business that people will whap and can be successful without a doubt. Since Filipinos love to eat, specially barbeques and Filipino dishes, then why not make regimen-chain business which features barbeques and pinoy foodsTypes of products, services offered? Philippine culinary artFast food, deliveries and reservations of tables only at the second floor of mang inasal ormoc branch.ECOTAXA IntroductionMANG INASAL Philippines fastest growing barbeque fast food chain, serving chicken, pork barbeque and other Filipino favorites, was first established on December12,2003 in Iloilo City. Currently, there are 445 branches nationwide and with over 10,000 employees system wide. MANG INASAL is doing its share in alleviating the unemployment lodge of the country. The front man of every MANG INASAL in a certain area provides not only employment but overly opportunities to comm unity members including suppliers of kalamansi, charcoal, banana leaves, vegetables, bamboo sticks, and other ingredients. It also indirectly gives income generating activities to many.MANG INASAL is operating at the following areas Bacolod, Iloilo, Roxas, Laguna, Bicutan, Metro Manila, Davao, Cagayan De Oro, Koronadal, Ozamiz, Iligan, Surigao, General Santos, Pagadian, Batangas, Lucena, Naga City, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Tagaytay, Palawan, Tacloban, Ilocos Sur and Tarlac. MANG INASAL is targeting to open 500 stores by 2012.Apart from the usual food presentations of multinational food company copycats, Mang Inasal endeavors to adhere to elements that bear a distinctively Pinoy stamp-grilling with charcoal, rice wrapped in banana leaves, a marinade concocted out of local spices and herbs, bamboo sticks for skewers, and the ambiance that encourages kinamot (the ilonggo depot in eating with the hands) whenever chicken inasal is served. All these evoke a rush of nostalgia for tradition, culture, and most of all, Home. Mang Inasal is proud to do its share in alleviating the unemployment burden of the country. It is effectively exhilarating economic activities in communities where branches are situated. Local suppliers of calamansi, charcoal, banana leaves, sorbeteros, vegetables, fish, bamboo sticks, and other ingredients, as well as LGUs, trisikad (pedicab) drivers, and a host of other enterprises are benefited by the presence of Mang Inasal in their area.Mang Inasal has steadily grown since it offered franchising. Mang Inasal has branches in Bacolod, Iloilo, Roxas, Metro Manila, Cebu, Davao, Kalibo, Tarlac, Boracay, Antique, Mindoro, Batangas, Pampanga, General Santos, Tuguegarao, Iligan, Bulacan, Cavite, Baguio, Laguna, Panabo, Cagayan De Oro, Lucena Surigao, Palawan, Agusan Del Sur, Malabon, Zamboanga Pagadian, Koronadal, Rizal, Pangasinan, Dipolog, La Union, Ozamiz, Kabankalan As of today, Mang Inasal has 423 branches nationwide and counting. In Man g Inasal, Pinagsikapan naming laging mabilis, laging masarap, at laging abot-kaya so that the Pinoy can in truth say, Kumbinsing

Planned Obsolescence

Planned obsolescence is the industrial tactic of designing, manufacturing, and distributing a product with an inadequate lifespan, as so it will become obsolete specifically to force the consumers to buy the latest generation of said product. These products are put into practice before the next generation is even fully functional companies similar apple are most famous for doing this. Planned obsolescence has been in use since the beginning of the Great Depression and for the past eighty years the ethical causa of companies and the reliability of their products has been argued.As 20th century economist Victor Lebow says in his article on consumer capitalism, Price Competition in 1955 Our enormously productive economy demands that we hand consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfactions, our ego satisfactions, in consumption We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced, and track recordarded at an ever increasing pace. (Lebow, Price Competition in 1955) Planned obsolescence goes hand and hand with conspicuous consumption, the act of spending money to acquire luxury goods and run in allege to publicly exhibit ones economic power.The 1950s was a term of immense consumption of household goods and services. Tupperware and kitchen appliances were products of vast majority that persis hug drugtly better and with conspicuous consumption, was bought. Car commercials today take advantage of American consumers with their annual announcements of new models. Every model is designed with the motive it will be bought. A model scarcely a year older than the one previous can be expected now to include an MP3 playing stereo with men free cell phone capabilities as well as higher miles per gallon and durability.Although the auto industry is trusted most with reliable products they are unperturbed infamous for their use of technical obsolescence. Technical obsolescence is when the c ost of repairs is unparalleled with replacement cost. It can be tremendously cheaper to replace a nine or ten year old car rather than repair frame and axel damage from wear and tear or even an accident. (The routine Green) Style obsolescence also plays means when the definition of what an attractive product is changes, therefore newer models are made in order to provide a more aesthetically pleasing ppeal. Marketing has continuously been driven by aesthetic design. By continually introducing fresh designs whilst retargeting and discounting the otherwises, corporations can do what is called riding the fashion hertz. The fashion cycle is the repeated introduction, rise, popular culmination, and exacerbate of a style as it progresses through various social strata. (The Daily Green) A certain style of dress is primarily aimed at high income cost and then steadily re-targeted to lower income segments.In the beginning of the Ugg craze, Uggs were going at incredibly high prices an d as years pass they depreciate in value. The same cycle happens for designer brands like Coach or Vera Bradley. The fashion cycle will repeat itself in cases when an obsolete product that was once stylish regains popularity and ceases to be obsolete. (New mickle Ireland) Th sign of the Miami Vice suits, shoulder pads and parachute pants, trends of the 80s that no longer exist yet styles like oversized tops, fingerless gloves, miniskirts and huge earrings have found themselves concealment in the limelight.As advanced as the public feels technology is, with the idea of planned obsolescence in manufacturers minds, everything is built with a fail safe for producers. Obsolescence by depletion is a bring of planned obsolescence used in products like home printers. The color printer is useful for consumers who need to print photos and graphics/charts for presentations, but other than that, there is not always a need to print color. An owner can choose to print only black with their col ored ink jet printer that at a price.Despite the owners indications that they want black and white prints, the color cartridge, at a smaller amount than normal, will be used in order to deepen the shade of the text or graphics. So that leads to the question, cant one just take the color cartridge out? Unfortunately not, in order for the printers to function properly all the cartridges must be in place even if one cartridge is out of ink completely it serene has to be left in. In the long run people who print enough black and white will pay the cost when the colored ink needs replacement. Castle Ink Cartridges & The Daily Green) In some cases notification may be combined with the deliberate disabling of a product to restrain it from working. Printer manufacturers like EPSON are infamous for employing proprietary smart chips in their ink cartridges to prevent them from being used after(prenominal) a certain verge even though the cartridge still contains usable ink. Some companies have developed a version of obsolescence in which the product reports to the owner on when it is time to buy a replacement.Pool water filters are known to display replacement messages at predetermined times and some disposable razors have color changing strips to mark blade dullness. Whether consumers are notified before the product has truly depreciated or the product simply deteriorates more quickly than is required, planned obsolescence is the result. (New hallucination Ireland) Systemic obsolescence is the lettered effort to make a product obsolete by altering the structure in which it is used in such a way that it makes its continue use problematic.Newer software is frequently introduced that is incompatible with older versions. One example of systematic obsolescence is Microsoft Corporations termination of support for Microsofts older OS services in order to meet the needs of the support for newer versions. Another Microsoft example would be their recently launched Internet Explorer 9 Web browser that is not compatible with Windows XP even though Internet Explorer 8 is. Software is not the only technology affected by planned obsolescence oftentimes hardware developers will prevent a product from being backwards compatible with older models. New Vision Ireland) Back in the early mid-nineties Nintendo launched the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) to precede its first gaming system the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in order to make the NES obsolete. The processing power and other capabilities of the SNES overthrew the NES and made the massive NES game library out of date because the SNES could not play the old cartridges. Those who wanted to play earlier games have to keep both(prenominal) systems around. (The Daily Green) In more recent times, Sony launched their console for the seventh generation consoles, the PS3.The PS3 greatly outshone the PS2 but like the SNES later models were unable to play PS2 discs. With the introduction of P S3 and its Blu-ray disc reader consumers have begun to accept and love Blu-ray. The most concentrated opposition in the next-generation optical video disc format wars is between HD-DVDs and Blu-ray. Not only a format for HD video and audio, Blu-Ray is a higher-capacity storage format than HD-DVD. HD-DVD at this point is being out sold by Blu-ray. Blu-ray has not yet been considered a planned obsolescence movement yet because it still is too new of technology. (Computer Info Web)Todays leading seller in products on the market is Apple electronics. Apple has designed products from computers to the world famous iPhone. Planned obsolescence is big in design schools and designers need to understand its workings in order to fulfill a want career in todays economy. Steve Jobs, the now deceased CEO of Apple, understood the importance of design in relation to selling product. An advertising clip warned in 1928, An article that refuses to wear out is a tragedy for business, Steve Jobs unders tood the necessity to make products obsolete and he implemented it into his products.The original iPods had less good-hearted designs and as the years passed. Later, Apple came out with much more attractive looking products built with more innovated advancements, but still made to be replaced inside a year. (New Vision Ireland) In 2003, the Neistat Brothers made a video of them going around sharing the story of how their iPod battery only lasted 18 months and explained how Apple did not have a replacement option and they would have to buy new iPods. They took the company to court and sued on the account that Apple planned the batteries to die after a certain period of time.Before Steve Jobs passing his legacy was to leave four years of new products for the company, blueprints for a new iPod, iPad, iPhone and MacBooks were put in place and permit for new futuristic Apple headquarters was secured by Jobs in June. (Daily Mail) Without planned obsolescence there would be no malls. The re would not be any products or designers. There would be no need for architects and salespeople or even service workers all around. The ideas of planned obsolescence, although beneficial in fulfilling our needs as humans, depreciate the boilersuit lifespan of the products we use.It is debatable whether companies are to blame, but in the end the consumer is still the ones who replace these intolerable products. Works Cited Consumerism Planned Obsolescence New Vision Ireland. New Vision Ireland. NVI, n. d. Web. 10 June 2012. . HOT Web Resource for Computer Info, Maintenance , Information Technology, Security, Training, Outsourcing Blu-Ray. http//www. computerinfoweb. com. Computer Info Web, n. d. Web. 10 June 2012. . Howard, Brian C. Planned Obsolescence 8 Products Designed to Fail. The Daily Green. The Daily Green, Aug. 2011. Web. 10 June 2012. . Koep, Gregg. Not Buying Anything. Notbuyanything. com. Not Buy Anything, 30 Mar. 2012. Web. 10 June 2012. . Lebow, Victor. Price Comp etition in 1955. Journal of Retailing Spring 1955 (1955) n. pag. Print. http//classroom. sdmesa. edu/pjacoby/journal-of-retailing. pdf Printing coloured Pages Using a Color Printer. Castle Ink Cartridges. Ed. Adam Haigh. N. p. , 16 Feb. 2010. Web. 10 June 2012. . Ubeda, Joan. The Cutting Edge. News. The Cutting Edge, 21 Mar. 2011. Web. 10 June 2012. . Gardner, David. Steve Jobs Secret Legacy last Apple Boss Left Plans for Four Years of New Products. Mail Online. Daily Mail, 8 Aug. 2011. Web. 14 June 2012. .

Effects of Bilingualism Essay

IntroductionThe use of mother tongue in learning allows school-age childs to learn the lesson quickly. It helps them to read and probably write quickly. (Yolanda Quijano, 1994). The use of the Filipino verbiage in teaching develops lifelong learners who argon proficient in the use of their native language and other languages. (Mona Valisino, 2006) Using the mother tongue of a student forms their critical thinking skills, drawing conclusions and making comparisons. (Ocampo, Fajardo, et al, 1990). Filipino was declared as the lingua franca because it is the language that is being spoken and understood by majority of the Filipinos, that is why Filipino should be used in learning. (Dr. Rosaryo Yu, U.P. SWF) However, the side language is the universal language. It is used commercially and it is also a factor for success in the tune world.English is also widely used as reading and instructional materials. Furthermore, it helps individuals to be globally competitive that is why English is used as modal(a) of instruction in schools. (Rebecca Alcantara, et al, 1996) According to the 1986 Philippine constitution, the Philippine educational system implemented the use of bilingualism in all levels of educational institutions in our country. Bilingual education aims to use both English and Filipino as medium of instruction for students to achieve quality education with the help of the collaboration of the two languages. (Tony Rimando, 1994, Manila bulletin) This look aims to know the effects of bilingualism to the academic performance of the fourth year student in Pasig Catholic College.Statement of the ProblemBilingualism is used in schools all everywhere the Philippines as instructed by the Department of Education. One of the schools that implement bilingualism is Pasig Catholic College. In this light, the police detectives would like to identify the effect of bilingualism to the academic performance of fourth year students in Pasig Catholic College. This deal al so aims to answer the following questions a) What are the advantages of bilingualism to the academic performance of the fourth year mettlesome school students in Pasig Catholic College? b) What are the disadvantages of bilingualism to the academic performance of the fourth year high school students in Pasig Catholic College?Significance of the StudyThe researchers would like this study to help Pasig Catholic College in determining the effects of bilingualism to the academic performance of the fourth year high school students. Specifically, this section will provide a brief description on the several significances of the research about the effects of bilingualism to the academic performance of the fourth year high school students in Pasig Catholic College. This study will be more likely to be significant to the following persons To students.This study provides evidence to students about the effects of bilingualism to their academic performance. To teachers. This study will aid teach ers to scram a deeper understanding to the said bilingual education. By this study they can come up with new teaching techniques to offer their students a better education. To future researcher. This study will benefit the future researchers as their guide and reference in making a similar research. Moreover, this study can also open an luck to the development of this study.Scope and Delimitation of the studyThis study will cover the effects of bilingualism to the academic performance of the fourth year high school students of Pasig Catholic College. The researchers will include different procedures and. This study will be done by selected fourth year High School students during the school year 2012-2013. The researcher will gather data using different books, clippings, and websites. They will also conduct a survey to be given to fourth year high school students. This study will be conducted on the school year 2012-2013.Chapter 2REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDYThis chapter pr esents gathered information which has relevancy to the study and can serve as reference in understanding the nature of the topic. The following facts and data were collected from different books, encyclopedias, websites, magazines, and other thesis papers. related to LiteratureNowadays, majority of the worlds population is bilingual or multilingual than monolingual. This trend also positively affects cognitive abilities of people around the world. Researchers have shown that the bilingual brain can have better attention and task-switching capacities than the monolingual brain. Additionally, bilingualism has positive effects at both ends of the age spectrum Bilingual children as young as seven months can better adjust to environmental changes, while bilingual seniors can experience less cognitive decline (Marian, V & Spivey, M, 2003). organism bilingual can have different benefits. The improvements in thinking and physical processing determined by bilingual experience may help a bili ngual person to better process information in the environment, leading to a richer learning. This kind of improved attention to factor may help explicate why bilingual adults learn a third language better than monolingual adults learn a second language (Gollan, T. H., & Acenas, L. A., 2004).Related StudyBilingualism causes misconception to students as well as to the teachers. It is also one of the reasons why students could not speak English fluently. The tendency is that they mix up the two languages which results in taglish words or phrases. Students also encounter difficulty in translating Filipino words to English and vice versa. Studying both languages at the same time causes minimal articulateness in either Filipino or English since their focus is not constant in one language. Other students could not express themselves in English because they are used in speaking in Filipino which results in being an uncompetitive student when it comes to English (Madriaga, Nazareno, et al, 2001).

Effectiveness: Communication and Team Members Essay

Aims / detailsThe primary purpose of the report is for you to work with three other people and undertake a study of an validation the locomote for establishing squad performance plans, the development and facilitation of group cohesion, the facilitation of teamwork and, liaising with stakeholders. Reviewing the effectiveness of teams within an organization is imperative so that opportunities for improvements may be determine and investigated. The study necessitates an evaluation of an organizations policies, procedures, processes and resources whether they be sufficient, or whether additional arrangements need to be looked into. The study may reveal a need for more(prenominal) documentation, infrastructural changes and/or employee requirements.During your study of the arranging you must consider the following how are team members consulted about their roles, responsibilities and accountabilities how do team members develop performance plans how are team members condenseed in achieving performance outcomes what are the strategies, policies and procedures to ensure team member participation how is feedback about team member efforts provided what are the processes for raising and addressing concerns how are team members encouraged to take responsibility for team activities how does the contributions of team members serve as a role model how are discourse processes established and maintained what are the arrangements for communicating information what are the arrangements for communicating issues and problems how is corrective action evaluated and taken to resolve those issues and problems. From the information that is gathered, you will also be required to make recommendations for better the problem areas that you may have identified.It will be crucial for you to liaise and interview the appropriate key personnel for this report. These may be employees, the chief executive director officer, direct superiors, other management representatives, board me mbers,business or government contacts, funding bodies, union/employee groups and representatives and work teams.Elements / performance criteriaThis workplace related report would survey all the topics of the module Ensure Team Effectiveness. The assessment is done holistically. Remarks This assignment must be presented in a report form and Presented professionally alternate or presented in a file. Include an assignment cover sheet, table of contents, introduction, body, recommendation/conclusion, and in the bibliography use the Chicago style referencing (refer to Summers, J and Smith, B 2004, conversation Skills Handbook. How to succeed in written and oral communication, Wiley, Queensland, Australia, Chapter 2). As a guide, the report should be approximately 10 to 12 pages-this excludes the bibliography / any other attachments. Typed/font size of it 12 (Times New Roman) or 10 (Arial)Margins to be 2.5 cm all round.Line Spacing 1 BRIEF REASONS must be given to provide the point s raised in your report.The project (report) will be marked according to the headings / guidelines as provided in the DAS the outline of what are to be included. Note that separately report may contain different details as each organization may have different systems, procedures, processes and programs etc. You are expected to be able to aptly apply the concepts to a real life situation. Granted that there will always be a degree of difficulty in assessing all the details of any confederacy, a fair amount of secondary data and common sense will be needed in running(a) through this project.The company that you are choosing to study must be willing to be interviewed / provide information where necessary. Actual information on the organisation and applicable information of organizations in a similar industry must also be available / able to be obtained.The following headings could be used in your report. You could also choose to have your own headings and /or add additional headin gs / sub- headings as you deem appropriate. The notes following the headings provide some guidance of the kinds of information and abridgment that would need to be considered.Group Report pop the question an appropriate title (as it relates to the organisation under study)Suggested headings For report EnSURE TEAM EFFECTIVENESS(name of organisation)1. IntroductionProvide an overview of what this report entails include aspects of the purpose of your report and what the report entails. You should also briefly include a brief overview of the organisation (for example, its name, type of business etc)2. Sources of information intimate the various sources of information that you used to gather your information. Such sources could include gathering information from primary sources (e.g. the relevant personnel in the company- personally and via questionnaires) and secondary sources (e.g. company reports, documents). Include copies of your interviews as an appendix in the report.3. Develop Headings and Sub-headingsClearly describe what is included/considered (keeping in mind the Module Topics, required knowledge and required skills).a) turn out Team Performance Plan relieve the mechanisms that the organization has in place for consulting with team members to establish a common understanding of team purpose, roles, responsibilities and accountabilities in concord with organizational goals, plans and objectives curtly outline the steps and procedures that the organization has to develop performance plans to establish expected outcomes, outputs, key performance indicators and goals for work team Describe the steps/procedures that the organization has to support team members in meeting expected performance outcomesb) Develop and Facilitate Team CohesionBriefly outline / summarize the strategies the organisation has in place to ensure team members have input into planning, decision making and operational aspects of work team Explain the steps that the organisation has i n place to develop policies and procedures to ensure team members take responsibility for own work and assist others to undertake required roles and responsibilitiesDescribe the arrangements that the organization has to provide feedback to team members to encourage, value and reward individual and team efforts and contributions Summarize the steps/procedures that the organization has to develop processes to ensure that issues, concerns and problems identified by team members are recognized and intercommunicateInclude copies of the organizations policies, procedures and codes of practice in the appendix of the report. If these are not available, you should note these and make suitable recommendations on how these deficiencies should be addressed.c) Facilitate TeamworkExplain the steps that the organisation has in place to encourage team members and individuals to participate in and to take responsibility for team activities, including communication processes Describe the procedurest hat the organization has to support the team in identifying and resolving work performance problems Briefly describe the arrangements that the organisation has to ensure own contribution to work team serves as a role model for others and enhances the organizations image for all stakeholdersd) Liaise with StakeholdersExplain the processes that the organisation has in place to establish and maintain open communication with all stakeholders Describe the steps that the organization has in place to communicate information from line manager/management to the team Outline/summarize the arrangements that the organization has in place to communicate unresolved issues, concerns and problems raised by team members and follow-up with line manager/management and other relevant stakeholders Briefly justify the provisions of the organisation to evaluate and take necessary corrective action regarding unresolved issues, concerns and problems raised by internal or external stakeholders4. Recommendat ions & ConclusionBriefly summarize your findingsOutline the problem areas that have been identified.Explain whether the current procedures, processes, activities and resources in the organization are sufficient, or whether additional arrangements might need to be looked into. foreshadow what those arrangements are (i.e. more documentation, infrastructural changes and/or employee requirements)

Different types of business information and their sources Essay

WrittenWritten communication involves a selection of words, symbols, letters and numbers. Written communication is used at bmetc to come it possible for tutors to contact parents and students regarding the students progress in lessons and around the college they do this by sending letters to the parents. A letter written to a parent of a student would have been created by a tutor, and then taken to the IT department, here they will check on the students attendance and also take this in the letter, and then, finally, it would be taken to the administration department of the campus in order to be direct home to the students parents/ guardians. These departments work together to ensure that the letter is sent to the correct address including the correct/ sui panel schooling regarding the appropriate student.Bmetc also use written communication to hold up hand outs to students as part of their coursework equipment to change the student to complete the given tasks. Inside the organi sation, bmetc will also use written communication to record minutes during a meeting and also give notices to other members of staff regarding the meeting e.g. date and time of the meeting. Reports regarding students progress and attendance will be recorded every day throughout the period of 10 working days and will be recorded by a paper- base report. Invoices are given to students regarding the cost of trips that they may be taken on based on the subject that they are studying, the invoices will usually be com identifyer based but sometimes they are paper-based and written out to give to parents. communicatoryVerbal communication is used every day in seames and in general life. Verbal communication is used to communicate easily with various volume in and around the organisation of bmetc. The main part of verbal communication is the face to face contact that takes place whilst using this type of information, commonplacely cognise as an easy way of communicating in face-to-face conferences like meetings. The advantage of using verbal communication is that you are able to read the opponents ashes language which sometimes gains it easier to understand.Verbal communication is used at commonly at bmetc when the tutors and parents of students may have meetings to discuss the students attendance and promptness or other issues that may have beenraised in the college life of the student involved. The information that the tutor is telling the parent of the student is passed on by the students tutors to the students personal tutor. The idea of having a meeting with the students parents is raised with the management of the college (programme manager) who then calls the parent and asks them to a meeting inner(a) of the college.On screenInformation may be broadcasted on-screen. This potbelly be displayed as a multimedia, on TV and CD-ROMs that mix text, graphics, animation, audio and video. This is a common way to broadcast important information relating to the s tudents and staff throughout Bmetc. Information on screen is also displayed on the intranet for students to see when they log in to their accounts. The information that is displayed and broadcasted on screen is created by staff in the IT department who gets the information from various departments including marketing and the college management. If a member of staff has something that they would like to broadcast to students via the on screen method, e.g. The sports department may want to advertise new activities for the students to participate in, they would have to put together an advertisement and contact the IT department who would then contribute the advertisement on to the screens around the college.MultimediaMultimedia communication involves a selection of graphics, text, symbols and pictures. Using multimedia to convey a set of information can be interactive and also to enable students at Bmetc to have a wider imagination and understanding of the information that is being broadcasted. The students at Bmetc and have have nark to their own account on the intranet, this means that they can access E-mail, Moodle, information about enrolling on to different college courses and news about the college itself. The source of the college website comes from the IT department which allows tutors to put work on the website making it accessible. This means the connection is the IT department and the academic department.Competitive insightCompetitive insight is done so that a business can investigate on what its rival businesses are doing to remediate their business which will allow you to have new ideas and even have ways to improve it, this is done on screen. IfBMET was to do this they would look to see what new subjects rival colleges such as Bourneville were coming up with and probably make them available within the college. Not only this but competitor colleges may have looked as government information talking about the lack of jobs and how the unemployment pass judgment has shot up and because of this the college may set up apprenticeships in order to give opportunities for more people which will also give the college a untroubled name and make them more respectable.The source of information on rival competitors may come from the government who will also show a college table on how they feel colleges are ranked within the west midlands region allowing other colleges to know what is effect and works well. This information will be created by the college in what will possibly be a written report or as a presentation who then pass it on to someplace to advertise such as a radio station that then produce this information to the general public making them aware of what the college is offering. The connection is betwixt the H.R departments who will make the college itself aware of what will take place and then the administration department will send it off to the radio station.

Regulatory Agency Paper Essay

The industry in wellness criminal maintenance requires that its foundation in leadership is to follow procedures, rules, and regulations, which give help an musical arrangement, succeed in their leadership role in health upkeep. This newsprint will identify important aspects of political proportional or other agency such as knock explosive charge on the Accreditation of Health grapple Organizations (JCAHO) that governs the health safekeeping industry or a particular discussion section of the industry.In addition, this paper will also identify the mutual agency on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) role, the have-to doe with it has on healthcare, the examples how they carry out their duties in regards to healthcare, the regulatory authority does JCAHO have in relation to health care, and what is their mathematical cultivate for accreditation, certification, and authorization.Moreover, The colligation heraldic bearing was known as the Joint agency o n the Accreditation of Healthcare Organization. tally to Feigenbaum (2013), the Joint Commission, issues one of the most prestigious accreditations in the health care industry. This nonprofit organization sets mellow standards for hospital, skilled nursing home health and health-care staffing company operations and performs regular reviews, checks and audits to ensure accredited organizations pursue (ehow, 2013, para. 1).As a result, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has come to trust the judgment of the Joint Commission because of their personality they have on certifying many medical facilities as Medicare compliant (ehow, 2013, para. 3).More than 15, 000 health care programs and organization throughout the United States are valuated by The Joint Commission, which is non-for-profit organization that works independently since 1951 to maintain cap of the line standards that promote on how to improve the safety and quality of care that many health care organi zation provides. Agencys StructureThe structure of The Joint Commission is governed by a 29-member dialog box of Commissioners that includes physicians, executive directors, nurses, employers, a labor representative, health plan leaders, quality experts, ethicists, a consumer advocate and educators. The Board of Commissioners brings to The Joint Commission diverse experience in health care, business and public policy. The Joint Commissions integrated members are the American College of Physicians, the American College of Surgeons, the American Dental joining, the American Hospital Association, and the American Medical Association (The Joint Commission, 2013).In addition, The Joint Commission have approximately 1,000 surveyors that are employed to survey health care facilities throughout the United States. It central office office in Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois, and at a air office in Washington, D.C. The Washington office is The Joint Commissions primary interface with governmen t agencies and with sexual relation, seeking and maintaining partnerships with the government that will improve the quality of health care for all Americans, and working with Congress on legislation involving the quality and safety of health care (The Joint Commission, 2013). Organizations onus on Health CareThe effect that The Joint Commission has on health care is that distributively(prenominal) hospital or health care facility that need to correspond the The Joint Commission standards. For example, forbearing rights, patient treatment, and infection control are standards that need to meet the expectation of the Joint Commission. The standards focus non simply on an organizations ability to provide safe, high quality care, but on its actual performance as well (The Joint Commission, 2013). Values that are set for performance expectations of activities that concerns and disturb the safety of patients as well as the quality of care they receive.Otherwise if hospitals do not meet The Joint Commission standards they will not pose accredited and that can have an effect in Medicaid/Medicare payments in that health care facility. However, if the organization provide high standard in patient care and they perform them well then the patient will have good experience in the progeny of patient care. Moreover, The Joint Commission creates standards in collaboration with experts in healthcare, measurement experts, providers, consumers and purchasers. Example of the Agency Carrying come in Its DutiesExamples that The Joint Commission has when carry out their duties is that they provide prizement of the health care facility or organization that are in entry with the standards and how they perform. As a result, The Joint Commission will assess the organization compliance with values and their fundamental of performance. The Joint Commission assess the organizations compliance with standards based on Patient and staff interviews about actual practice, Performan ce improvement data/trends, communicatory information provided to the Joint Commission by key organizational leaders, and , On-site observations by Joint Commission surveyors (The Joint Commission, 2013).Regulatory Authority Relation to Health CareThe regulatory authority that The Joint Commission has in relation to health care is that they maintain a list of agencies throughout the state that will identify accreditation/certification throughout the United States health care facilities. For example, The Joint Commission will superintend legislative and regulatory activities in the state. The Joint Commissions various accreditation/certification programs are acknowledge and relied on by many states in the states quality oversight activities. Recognition and reliance refers to the acceptance of, want for, or other reference to the use of Joint Commission accreditation, in whole or in part, by one or more governmental agencies in exercising regulatory authority (The Joint Commissio n, 2013).For example, in Texas the Routine inspections of the The Department of State Health Services (department) may conduct an inspection of each hospital prior to the issuance or renewal of a hospital license. (1) A hospital is not subject to routine inspections subsequent to the issuance of the initial license while the hospital maintains (A) certification low Title XVIII of the Social Security Act, 42 United States Code (USC), 1395 et seq or (B) accreditation by a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services-approved organization (The Joint Commission, 2013). Process for Accreditation, Certification, and AuthorizationThe Joint Commission help for accreditation, certification and authorization is to pee and maintain accreditation, a hospital must undergo an on-site survey by a Joint Commission survey ag concourse. Joint Commission surveys are unannounced and occur 18 to 39 months by and by the previous unannounced survey. The objective of the survey is not only to evaluate the hospital, but to provide teaching and guidance that will help staff continue to improve the hospitals performance. The survey performance evaluates actual care processes by tracing patients through the care, treatment and services they received. It also analyzes key usable systems that directly impact the quality and safety of patient care (The Joint Commission, 2013).In addition, the surveying team can include a health care professionals such as a nurse, physician, hospital administrator who has senior management level experience, and life safety code specialist. The Joint Commission has a group of more than 400 surveyors, reviewers and life safety code specialists who are trained and certified, and receive continuing learning on advances in quality-related performance evaluation (The Joint Commission, The Surveyor Process, 2008, para. 5).The Accreditation process is a continuous data-motivated that focuses on the overall systems operation which is crucial to the quality a nd safety of patient care. The following are important aspect of the process which includes Periodic Performance Review (PPR) an annual review where the health care facility will evaluate their compliance with relevant standards and widen an action plan that can help them identify areas where they are not compliance. The tracer methodology is another process used On-site evaluation of standards compliance in relation to the care experience of patients using a tracer methodology.Tracer activities permit assessment of operational systems and processes in relation to the actual experiences of selected patients who are under the care of the organization. This activity actively engages all direct caregivers in the accreditation process (The Joint Commission, 2008). The Priority Focus Process (PFP) is a survey that looks at quality of care of patients and their safety.The Joint Commission will do unannounced survey to apply the credibility of how they do the accreditation process so the s urveyors can look at the performance of the organization under a normal daytime for the health care facility. If the health care facility being surveyed passes the audits then the hospital can get accredited for another three years and this authority comes from The Joint Commission who has high standards on patient safety and quality of care. ConclusionThe leadership foundation of a health care industry identifies a governmental or other agency, such as JCAHO, that governs the health care industry or a particular segment of the industry in order to provide patient safety and quality of care through their structure, their effect on health care, their duties, their regulatory authority in relation to health care, and their process for accreditation, certification and authorization.ReferencesFeigenbaum, E (2013). Ehow. Jcaho Reciprocal Credentialing Regulations. Retrieved on October 13, 2013 from http//www.ehow.com/info_8761966_jcaho-reciprocal-credentialing-regulations.html The Joint Commision (2008). Facts about The Joint Commission. Retrieved on October 13, 2013 from http//www.jointcommission.org/facts_about_the_joint_commission/ The Joint Commission (2013). Inspiring health care excellence. Retrieved on October 13, 2013 from http//www.jointcommission.org/facts_about_the_joint_commission/ The Joint Commission. Code of Conduct. Retrieved on October 13, 2013 from http//www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/TJC_Code_of_Conduct_09.pdf

Becoming A Woman And Accepting It Essay

Becoming A Woman 1 At first reading, Elizabeth Bishops In The Waiting Room is a world full of tremendous imagery. I did non care what it meant, I just enjoyed the way she described what she saw in the home(a) Geographic while waiting in a dentists room. I can abruptly see in my mind when she wrote about the inside of a volcano, black, and full of ashes then it was spilling over in rivulets of fire Babies with pointed heads wound round and round with string (Bishop, 1977).The second reading, I began to wonder what she meant with But I felt you are an I, you are an Elizabeth, you are one of them Why should I be my aunt, or me, or anyone? I thought maybe she has an identity crisis or something like that so I reread it again. This time, the idiom I said to myself three days and youll be seven years old stuck on my mind. And thats when everything clicked. I felt that with her seventh birthday coming on (for me, this is an idiom for a cleaning womans rite of passage like her eight eenth birthday or another significant event), Elizabeth feels shes eventually becoming a woman.When I say becoming a woman, its the transition from being a carefree girl to an adult female with responsibilities. Shes rather agitated by it, not quite sure if she could be like her aunt and the rest of the adults. Elizabeth is anxious and is not ready to become a woman, but whether she likes it or not, shes a woman already. Thus, she said, I knew that nobody stranger had ever happened, that nothing stranger could ever happen. After questioning how she became a woman, Elizabeth finally accepted that she is one.In the end of the meter she said, The War was on. If you were a kid, a teenager, or someone who doesnt care for responsibilities, a war is not something youd think about. But Elizabeth now does think about it. She has finally accepted she is a woman with responsibilities, still scared about it but willing to face whatever that might come her way. Well, at least, thats how I see it ? Becoming A Woman 3 Reference Bishop, Elizabeth. (1977). Geography III. raw York Farrar Straus & Giroux.

Analytical review of the financial position and reporting

This is what the University of Bradford policy on academic integrity says slightly plagiarism A dissertation, thesis, essay, project or any other work which is non on a conf utiliseer floortaken in an process room under supervision but which is submitted by a student for formal assessment must(prenominal) be written by the student and in the students testify words, except for quotations from published and unpublished source, which shall be clearly indicated and endorsed as such If you copy work for assessment, it defeats the whole direct of the exercise.When work that you gift copied is marked it is not your progress that is existence evaluated but that of somebody else. And if it is someone elses work, the feedback you receive will not help you improve your possess potential. Plagiarism is an issue that the University of Bradford takes genuinely seriously and is treated as a form of Academic Misconduct (or cheating). There argon four main forms of plagiarism 1. Copy ing or exploitation other persons work, including the work of another student (with or without their consent), and claiming or pretending it to be your own 2.Presenting arguments that use a blend of your own and the directly copied words of the original author, with or without acknowledging the source 3. Paraphrasing another persons work, but not giving receivable acknowledgement to the original writer or organization issue the writing, including work on Internet sites 4. Colluding with other students and submitting identical or near identical work. However it is very important that you are aware of Self-plagiarism. This is described in a document called What is Academic Misconduct which is uncommitted on the Legal and Governance website.You must not submit the same assignment, or the any destiny of that assignment, as the assessment for two modules, nor should you cut and paste prominent sections of work from one endurance into another. You commode refer to your own work ( whether vomited for another module or published elsewhere) but you must acknowledge this by citing the original work, total like any other source that shapes your own work. How to avoid plagiarism Applying, analyzing, criticizing or quoting other peoples work is expected of you and is perfectly acceptable providing you always 1.Attempt to summarize or reite charge per unit in your own words another persons work, and give acknowledgement to that person. This is usually done by citing your sources in the text of the assignment and presenting a list of references at the back or 2. By always using quotation marks (or indenting lengthy quotations in your text) to distinguish between the actual words of the writer and your own words. Once again, you would cite all these sources in the text straight after the quote and present right dilate of these in your list of references.Using Turning You must be very careful to ensure that your submission is free from Plagiarism before you submi t it. All submissions are made electronically via Turning which is a piece of software that is able to aim non-original content within a submission. When you submit your work it is matched to antecedently submitted work both at the University of Bradford, on the web and work submitted to other Universities across the world. You will be presented with an Originality embrace which will highlight any non-original content in your work.You are permitted to submit a gulp version of your work to Turning before the final submission deadline. This will allow you to see the Originality Report for the draft and to address any issues that the report identifies. The report can take a few hours to gene graze, so give yourself sufficient clock time to receive and examine the report and to be able to work on your submission as necessary before the deadline passes. It is essential that you understand what is expected and how plagiarism can be avoided.The university provides a great deal of resou rces to help students understand their responsibilities. Information about these services is available at the LASS workshop site. If there are any specific issues relating to plagiarism and or Turning amuse contact the relevant Module Leader or your Personal Academic Tutor. Executive summary The purpose of this report is to prepare an analytical check of the financial position of BP one million million million, using the proportionality analysis as a financial instrument.This review is Sistine to the stakeholders (investors), based on the latest available annual financial statement, to identify and reconcile the roots profit position and identify trends in the headache performance. The fellowships performance is analyzed more profoundly using proportion analysis. In addition, we will compare the group main indicators with the various(prenominal) predicts of close competitors such as ROI note, Vale S. A. And Alcoa Inc. As headspring as Mining Industry and Energy Sector m ean(a) coefficients (Scimitars 2014).Background Information BP jillion was set up in 2001 as a result of a two-fold Listed Company (DEL) merger twine Broken Hill Proprietary Company known as BP Limited, an Australian-listed company, and jillion Pl, a I-J-Existed company (BP Billion 2013). Although the companies remove preserved their separate ownership structures both are run by the about identical committees of directors and one managing body. It is a leading global resource company and its study business units are Copper atomic number 26 Ore Manganese and Nickel Coal and Aluminum, Petroleum and Potash.The aim of the group is to provide long-term fateholder nurture through the development, acquisition and marketing of natural resources. Despite the inveterate recession the group has continued to retain its market position with neatization US $147 cardinal at 30 June 2013, revenue US $66 jillion and net profit US $11 billion for 2013 financial social class and there ar e now 128 thousand employees and contractors working in 140 subdivisions in 26 countries (BP Billion 2013). This year the group announced the appointment of Andrew Mackenzie as CEO who replaced Marcus Slippers.The company being a participant of the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights (2014) conducts the corporate procedures and policies in concordance with irrigate principles to provide security for its operations. The recent study suggested that the 90 fossil fuel marketers (Goldenberg 2013) are in saddle of two-thirds of the greenhouse gas emissions produced in the industrial age and BP is in this list. According to the managements statement Just the tenth part of the emissions are from direct operations, while the rest are from outsourced goods (Hannah 2013).In 2011 BP Billion initiated with University College London the foundation of two force institutions aimed at teaching and research of sustainable use of the environment and resources (CUL 2011). Basis of pre paration The financial learning for the year ended 30 June 2013 has been prepared on a going concern basis in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards that is an Australian equivalent of International Financial Reporting Standards (FIRS) and FIRS and their interpretations as espouse by European Union effective as the reporting date.The principles of accounting for DEL merger were adopted under I-J and Australian Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (GAP) and the consolidated financial statement is compiled as follows Assets and liabilities of the BP Billion PL and BP Billion Limited Group were consolidated at the date of the merger at their book value Results for the period ended 30 June 2013 comprise the consolidated data of the both entities.A number of new standards and interpretations have not yet entered into force, and their demands are not taken into account in preparing the consolidated financial statements FIRS 11 Joint Arrangements modifications were not applied but will have an impact on financial eld commencing from 1 July 2013. The company will recognize its share on a single line in entities where it does not meet with the revised definition of Joint control. AFRICA 20 Striping Costs in the occupation Phase of a Surface Mine modifies the policies for end product striping and applies to annual periods starting on 1 January 2013.The company disclosed the effect of adjustments at the transitional date of 1 July 2011. Ratio Analysis immaterial factors and trends affecting to the groups financial outcomes The major external trends and factors have had a considerable impact on the company financial position and ratios and the next section disclosures them. goodness prices. Metal commodity prices were fall downd in affinity with the previous year as a result of apply growing faster than demand. For instance the total price of Iron Ore decreased 16% from IIS$1 51 /DMS to IIS$127/DMS, Aluminum decreased from IIS$334/ DMS to US$327/DMS concord to the Note 3. . 1 of the Financial Statement (BP Billion 2013). Metal products share in aggregate revenues exceeded 63% whereas earthy oil and gas totaled 20%. Metallurgical coal price decreased 31% from IIS$239/t to IIS$1 59/t mostly driven by low ontogeny rank of global pig iron production. Conversely energy commodities price were affected positively namely crude oil price increased by 8% driven by Chinese demand growth in the first half of the year followed by moderate improvements in macroeconomics in the United States later. In whole the price effect reduced underlying BIT by IIS$8. Billion but part offset by increased sales volumes. Exchange rate. Other substantial risk influencing profitability ratio is exchange rate as majority of sales are denominated in US dollars as well as this currency plays major part in the group financial activities. direct cost are primordially influenced by changes in local currencies such as South African rand, Chilean peso and Aust ralian dollar. Overall the Australian dollar, Brazilian real and South African rand ended the financial year weaker against the US dollar, while the Chilean peso strengthened.Product demand and supply. Global demand and supply for the products is a crucial factor of market prices, and fluctuations in commodity supply and demand influence the group performances, including asset values and coin flow. The company forecast relatively balanced growth over the long term as large developed economies, such as the US, grow despite fiscal challenges and China withal shows the development of its economy. Operating costs. As the product prices are regulated by the global commodity markets controlling production costs is a key task of the management.The company could reduce external services by IIS$2 billion and third party purchases by IIS$O. 7 billion, government royalties by IIS$O. 4 billion and exploration and evaluation expenses by IIS$O. 6 billion. But these reductions were offset by hi gher impairment charges of IIS$I . 9 billion, extra depreciation charges of IIS$O. 5 billion, decrease in foreign exchange incomes of IIS$O. 2 billion as it was shown in Note 3. 4. 4 of the annual report (BP Billion 2013). Capital and exploration expenditures.This item increased almost 77% in the previous 2012 year from IIS$13 billion in 2011 to IIS$23 billion. It related to investments in project pipeline, especially in Petroleum, Iron Ore and Coal divisions. The management concentrated on monitoring capital and exploration expenses in the reporting year and it reduced by IIS$O. 7 billion. Interest range. The company financial performances are sensitive to alterations of interest rates as the majority of company borrowings are based on floating interest rates (see the Note 29 of the financial statement).Based on the net debt position as at 30 June 2013, taking into account interest rate swaps, cross currency interest rate swaps and captions, it is estimated that a one percentage point increase in the US LABOR interest rate will decrease the companys equity and profit after taxation by US $136 million. Profitability ratio In this year Return of capital fell by 26% as against 2012 year and equaled 17% (see Appendix 3). Firstly, it associates with the reduction of Gross profit by 19% or almost IIS$4. Billion as the income fell by 9% (see Appendix 1), namely Coal units revenue reduced by IIS$2. Billion, Iron Ore income by IIS$2. 4 billion (see the section Commodity prices). In any case it should be say that this figure is considerably high than the close competitors results Vale S. E. (2014) showed 14%, ROI Tint (2014) 5% (see Appendix 3). The details of calculations are disposed(p) in the Appendix 4. Gross profit margin ratio equaled 29% although that is little by 11% as compared to 2012 (see Appendix 3).This can be explained by disproportionate decrease of production costs by 4% billion (see the section operating costs) with respect to revenues (see the se ction Commodity prices). But it corresponds with the respective honest ratio of Metal Mining Industry (Scimitars 2014). Vale S. E. s figure exceeded with 30% Gross margin (see Appendix 2) but its Net profit margin totaled Just 1% due to extremely high interest expenses (see Appendix 2) whereas BP Billion demonstrated consistent performances with 17% Net profit margin.Net profit margin for 2013 totaled 17% as against 22% for previous year chiefly due to decrease of the amount of Gross profit (see the previous paragraph) and increase of financial expenses by 60% (see the section lintiest rates). In spite of this the companys result is outstanding in comparison with the fabrication index (2%) as well as immediate rivals (ROI Tint 2%, Vale S. A. 1%). capacity ratios Asset turnover ratio of the last year decreased by 17% and totaled 0. 6.This is due to the fact that the amount of total assets were increased as additional construction expenses were capitalized to the sum of IIS$20 bi llion, and decrease of total revenue of the group for reasons described earlier (see the section Commodity prices). At the same time the group continues to use its assets efficiently in comparison with lose rivals 0. 5 for ROI Tint (2014) and Vale (2014) 0. 4 (see Appendix 3) as well as the average industry figure (0. 4). The details of calculations are given in the Appendix 5.With respect to Receivable turnover ratio it has not been changed and equaled 9 that is in the center of attention of ROI Tint and Vales coefficients (10 and 7 respectively). The decrease in Trade and other receivables correlated with the same trend in the revenues of the last two years (see the section Commodity prices). Interestingly, the industry average ratio did reach 12 (see Appendix 3). Inventory turnover has slightly en decreased by 6% and totaled 11 that is twice break down than industry figure (5) and close rivals (8 and 10 respectively).The number of employees increased by 7% and totaled almost 50 thousand. It together with the revenue reduction resulted to Revenue per Employee ratio that decreased by 14% and equaled IIS$I ,332 thousand per employee. At the same time this performance significantly exceeded the industry average ratio (IIS$486 thousand) as well as close competitors (ROI Tint with IIS$775 thousand and Vale S. E. With IIS$583 thousand). It can be explained by diversified cuisines structure of the group as the average Energy sector Revenue per Employee totals US$1,896 thousand at the same period of time (see Appendix 3).Liquidity ratio The veritable ratio totals 1 that indicates that the group has enough short-term assets to surmount its short-term debt. It is advisable to improve this performance further (0. 9 for previous 2012 year) as for instance the industry (1. 9) and major market players (ROI Tint 1. 4, Vale S. E. 2. 5) demonstrated better short-term financial health. The details of calculations are given in the Appendix 6. Quick ratio also remains worse Han competitors. But it corresponded with the industry average figure 0. 6 and seemed enough (see Appendix 3).Financial power train The Gearing ratio has slightly been changed and totaled 39% and it indicates relatively prudent attitude of the management and low degree of creditors funds (see Appendix 1). For example the same coefficient for both of close rivals equaled 44% whereas the industry average figure exceeded 150%. The details of calculations are given in the Appendix 7. The performance of interest cover ratio was felt by 56% due to impact of interest rates (see the section lintiest rates). Even so it showed due to low gearing and high gross profit of the group (see the respective analyses).Investment ratio Price per earning for 2013 equaled as 12 and became worse as against 8. 8 for previous period. It associates with the reduction of earning per share by almost 30% (see Appendix 1). But dividend yield with 8% is positive as compared to rivals (ROI Tint 4%, Vale S. E. 1% ) and average industry ratio (2%). Conclusion Based on the review above we can see that BP Billion is a highly profitable company that provided consistently unvoiced operating performance during the analyzed period of time. The total dividend for 2013 was increased by 4% to IIS$116 cents per share (BP Billion 2013).The low gearing ratio in comparison with rivals indicates the groups financial strength and invulnerability to downturns in the business cycle that is important particularly in the last years. The high efficiency ratios witnessed how well the group used its assets and liabilities internally relative to the others. Also we saw its importance because an improvement in these ratios translated to improved profitability. Though the current ratio is relatively lower than he industry average likely the group will not experience any difficulty meeting current obligations.

Externalities in Economics Essay

outwardness is yet a nonher significant source of commercialize failure. It is owing to the lack of property rights that outdoor(a)ity arises. match to Jaen (2005), by externality we mean the situation when the cost or benefits related to a transaction not only affects the transactors plainly also the an another(prenominal)(prenominal) parties which is called party effect. Non-inclusion of such effect in ratiocination devising causes externality and hence foodstuff failure.Jaen added that an example of this is pollution from factories which adversely affects the wellness of the people in the neighborhood. and such a cost is not included in the estimation of cost of end product hence thither is adjoin supply. This is called negative or harmful externality. Jaen (2005) added that externality could be beneficial as healthy and he cited an example, the painting of house by individual A may spark advance in its market encourage and also that of the other properties in the neighborhood.Thus the benefit accrues to the third party this is an example of corroboratory externality. Before explaining externality further, we must make a distinction between private cost or benefit and hearty cost or benefit. In a given society, the resources ar said to be optimally deald when the social marginal cost is equal to the social marginal benefit. Free markets would optimally allocate the resources when private costs argon equal to social costs and private benefits atomic number 18 the same as social benefits (Jaen, 2005).There would be negative externality when social cost exceeds private costs and arrogant or beneficial externality when social benefits exceed private benefits. _________________________ Jaen, T. R. & Ohri, V. K. (2005). Principles of Micro sparings. Page 324 332 Externalities arise when oneness economic factor does not compensate others for his actions which may directly affect their consumption or proceeds possibilities. Smokers, who d o not, for example, pay for increasing others risk of cancer, or for the discomfort they may cause, produce externalities. match to Miyao & Kanemoto (1987), urban support is filled with examples of externalities manufacturing makers may cause air and urine pollution which negatively affects resi hidea officece and other producer some individuals may take a leak racial prejud ice-skating rink against certain ethnic groups a household may benefit from beautiful gardens of its neighbors firms often prefer to locate in larger cities because of proximity to other firms and an surplus traveler in a congested road imposes external cost on other travelers by slowing them down.According to the Fundamental Theorem of Welfargon Economics, a competitive equilibrium is efficient in the P arto optimal backbone if all goods are private goods and no externalities exist. This precede, however, breaks down if there are externalities. An individual ratiocination maker who generates externalit ies does not take into account actual external cost or benefits imposed on others his decision must therefore be corrected to account for external effects.Externalities, thus present a case of potential market failure where go political sympathies intervention may be called for to race a decentralized market system toward a signalise where resource parcelling is efficient (Miyao & Kanemoto, 1987). It is however, also early to jump to the conclusion that governance action are always justified when there are externalities for example, individual who suffer from water pollution discombobulate an incentive to get together and bribe firms to cut back pollution. The reason why this may not happen is that the transaction cost to set up a market for pollution may be too high.___________________________ Miyao, T. & Kanemoto, Y. (1987). Urban Dynamics and Urban Externalities. Page degree centigrade According to Miyao & Kanemoto (1987), if the government has to incur the same transact ions cost as private individuals, then government intervention cannot improve resource allocation. Even if government intervention is justifiable, the government has to choose an appropriate form _or_ system of government among alternative policy measures. For example, introducing a Pigouvian tax/subsidy system is one way of modifying individuals action to strike an efficient allocation (Miyao & Kanemoto, 1987).A tax placed on pollution will ten to suppress the amount of externality. If a corrective tax is set equal to the marginal externality cost suffered by others, an efficient allocation is achieved. One problem with the Pigouvian tax/subsidy, however, is that it usually requires high administrative cost. As Miyao & Kanemoto (1987) stated, in some cases, direct regulation of private activities such as ceiling on pollution emissions and a control of land use may be less costly moreover the government force also have to resort to cruder measures.For example, a Pigouvian tax/s ubsidy system for traffic congestion requires congestion tolls whose levels are discordent for different roads depending on the severity of congestion. External effects have been analyse by economist ever since the days of Marshall & Pigou along with development of the field environmental economics, the hypothesis of externalities has remained of great and growing importance in economic science (Jeroen 1999).As Jeroen (1999) quoted, indeed it is fair to guess that, starting from the traditional neoclassical economic framework, the about logical way to look at problems of environmental pollution is from the attitude of external cost. It was also added that however, although economist have been investigating the concept of externalities for a long time, both theoretically and empirically, ______________________________ Miyao, T. & Kanemoto, Y. (1987). Urban Dynamics and Urban Externalities. Page 100 Jeroen, C. & wagon train den Bergh, J. M. (1999). Handbook of Environmental an d Resource Economics.New York Edward Elgar Publishing. externalities lifelessness prove to be an area of slippery ice. Frequently, one finds fuzzy discussions on the discussions on the policy implications of external cost. According to Jeroen (1999), this may often result from, for instance, mixing up equity and allocative efficiencies arguments , from mistaking pecuniary externalities for true or technological externalities from some sense of compassion with the victims of externalities on equity ground, leading to pleas for compensation which may often be unwarranted from the perspective of allocative efficiencyThe Concept of Environmental Externalities in Economics In recent years, economist have reluctantly added new variable in their economic thinking to account for the side-effects induced by the labor of goods (Hokikian, 2002). They have labeled the parameter externalities (normally used in plural due to its multiple effects) because it usually affects, costwise, people ot her than who are directly buying, selling, or using the goods in question.When nuclear reactors produce electricity, we are gratified because we shed electricity to such uses as washing and drying dishes and clothes. But when the nuclear generate passing reactive by-products, we are annoyed because the nuclear wastes are dangerous to our health. Economist call these unwanted nuclear waste externalities, because most of the cost associated with storing, regulating, and transporting them are not added directly into the cost of electricity.Pollution from economic point of view is the production of waste, dirt, noise, and other things we do not want. As Hokikian (2002) illustrated, for example, we do want steel and cement, but we do not want the smoke produced by the output processes we do want mechanical energy from heat engines, but we do not want the released heat, which we call thermal pollution. _____________________________ Hokikian, J. (2002). The Science of Disorder Understand ing the Complexity, Uncertainty, and Pollution in our World. page 161Economists externalities are natures entropy. Since the middle of nineteenth century, we have known that all processes increase in entropy yet only recently have military personnel become a highly entropic creature, generating massive amounts of entropy. Externalities have become a major variable in industrial societies as humans ad vanced technologically, we became a major producers of waste products that through the years have gradually accumulated to the point when we can no longer ignore their existence (Hokikian, 2002).Paretian Welfare Criteria and Market Failures Mainstream neoclassical micro and public assistance economics theories suggest that governments should in principle be reserved in intervening directly in the economic process (Jeroen, 1999). According to Jeroen (1999), it is broadly accepted that economic science should aim at providing range free descriptions and analyses of human choice, and th e associated social processes, on a lower floor conditions of scarcity.As it is not possible to construct a value-free social welfare function according to some ethically objective criterion, welfare economics has an inherent leaning to rely on quite humble criteria for the evaluation of different possible outcomes of economic processes, for instance under different forms of government interventions. As Jeroen (1999) stated, although the concept of external effects is widely used in economics, there seems to be some confusion about its exact definition and interpretation.He added that, it is commonly recognized that externalities are an important form of market failure. ______________________________ Hokikian, J. (2002). The Science of Disorder Understanding the Complexity, Uncertainty, and Pollution in our World. page 161. Jeroen, C. & van den Bergh, J. M. (1999). Handbook of Environmental and Resource Economics. page 197. their existence leads to a deviation from the first-best neoclassical world, in which the price mechanism takes care of an efficient resource allocation (Pareto Efficiency).According to Jeroen (1999), in the presence of ext3ernalities, market prices do not reflect full social costs or benefits, and, for instance, regulatory taxes or subsidies are called for to restore the efficient workings for the market mechanism. Furthermore, it is generally accepted that the source of externalities is typically to be imbed in the absence of well defined property rights (qtd. in Jeroen, 1999). Consequently, the theory of is often applied in environmental economics environmental quality is a typical good from which property rights are not defined and hence no market exists.These commonplaces may clearly indicate the causes and consequences of external effects, but still leave the definition unclear such a definition can be as follows an external effect exists when an actors utility function contains a real variable whose actual value depends on the beh avior of another actor, who does not take this effect of his behavior into account in his decision making process. According to Jeroen (1999), the above definition concerns technological externalities as opposed to pecuniary externalities.These latter which are ruled out by considering real variables only (that is, excluding monetary variables), do not lead to shifts of production and utility functions, but merely to movements along these functions. Consequently, externalities as defined above are potentially Pareto relevant (if costs of correcting for the market failure do not exceed the welfare gains to be obtained), whereas pecuniary externalities are not, because they do not reflect a failing market. As Jeroen stated, the final condition in the__________________________ Jeroen, C. & van den Bergh, J. M. (1999). Handbook of Environmental and Resource Economics. page 197. definition distinguishes externalities from other types of unpriced interactions, such as barter, violence, je alousy, selflessness or good-will promoting activities (for instance , handing out samples as products as part of a commercial campaign). Such phenomena differ fundamentally from external effects, both in a theoretical and in a policy-relevance sense.There have always been economist interested in positive or negative externalities however, they largely been marginalized within the professing as externalities were seen as market failure that reads to be corrected or avoided (Maiser & Sedlacek, 2004). The consequences that recent publications has demonstrated also made economist shy away for along time from accepting externalities as integral part of the economic system. If economist want to understand the growth of an economy over time, they need t allow for externalities.Based on Maiser & Sedlacek (2004), these externalities lead to imperfect competition and tend to agglomerate production at certain locations in the economy. They added that, the resulting spatial structure leads to specialization, transportation and further externalities. This moves the spatial perspective contiguous to the core of economics. As it turns out, if we can explain geographical concentration, then we can go along way toward explaining important aspects of international trade and economic growth (qtd. in Maiser & Sedlacek, 2004).The Influence of regimen Policy on the Choice of Production Practices and Chemical Use Government influence on the choice pastoral production practices and the attendant use of chemicals has a variety of forms. Before exploring these alternatives, it is important to __________________________ Maiser, G. & Sedlacek, S. (2004). Spillovers and Innovations Space, Environment, and the Economy. page 11. understand the rational for government intervention externalities arising from the interaction between the agricultural sector and the rest of society.Externalities exist in situations where the activities of an economic agent (qtd. in Uri, 2005). As what Uri (2005) stated, consider the application by the farmer of pesticides that runoff into surface drinking water supplies and are ingested by individuals. Drinking water with high concentrations of pesticides has suspected risk and associated cost to human health this is an example of a negative externality because the action of the farmer adversely affects the welfare of consumers. The absence of externalities is one of the conditions required for competitive markets to achieve an efficient allocation of resources.This is not meant to imply, however, that the presence of an externality requires government intervention. According to Uri (2005), in many situations, the involved parties may negotiate a solution that will address the externality problem and result in an efficient resource allocation. For example, restricting pesticide spaying during certain times to disparage community exposure to drifting pesticides can be the result of voluntary agreement between a farmer and the reside nts surrounding the farmers cropland.There are, however, externalities where the interaction between private parties does not lead to an efficient allocation of resources. Government intervention may be consider in these instances even though there is no guarantee that the intervention will lead to an enhance efficiency such situations are referred to as externality problem or market failure (Uri, 2005). Uri, N. D. (2005). Agriculture and the Environment. New York page 60.Government intervention can take a variety of forms including, taxes, subsidies, subsidies, and educational, and technical assistance, as Uri (2005) stated. There are other situations where intervention is justified on the basis of distributional equity considerations. Even if an efficient resource allocation could be obtained through private and public approaches, the solution could be sub-optimal from societys perspective if it results from equities in terms of income distribution or the burden of regulation (Uri , 2005).Because distributional inequity is so highly subjective, however, secondary discussion will be devoted to it in what follows. As previously noted externalities play a central role in the economics of the interaction between the agricultural sector and the stock of cancel resources. According to Uri (2005), to mitigate the impact of externalities, a number of policy options are available to the government these policy options in general have the potential to impact the production practices adopted by farmers and the use of agricultural chemicals.