Does Hand Hygiene Hompliance Increase among Staff Members Aware of a Essay

Does transcend Hygiene Hompliance Increase among staff Members Aware of a Population of Immuno-Compromised Patients - Essay ExampleThis Challenge is an international reality no clinic, no hospital, no health-care system, no health post and no dispensary can presently say that compliance with occur hygiene suggestions is not an issue. WHO Guidelines for Hand Hygiene in wellness Care prepared with the help of more than than 100 international experts, are in the testing and implementation phases in different parts of the world. fender sites range from modern, high-technology hospitals in developed countries to remote dispensaries in resource-poor villages (World Alliance for Patient Safety Who Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care (Advanced Draft) A Summary 2005, p. 5). In October 2005, the World Health scheme (WHO) launched the campaign for sink hygiene importance worldwide, with the theme Clean Care Is Safer Care (Patient Safety 2012) as part of the Hand Hygiene Health Care draft. This program has already caused m either people and organizations to participate, the Ministries of Health from 124 countries agreed to collaborate to lower infection due to poor hand hygiene and support the efforts of WHO. (Allegranzi et al. 2009). nigh pathogens transmitted by the hands of health care workers. (Doebbling et al. 1992). All patients on the department develop a side effect of theyre treatment called neutropenic sepsis. Neutropenic sepsis is defined as drop in the white pitch cell count, which are the bodies major defense against infections. As some look has found that as detailed as 47% compliance of hand hygiene in health care workers (Randle et al. 2010). Identification of seek Question/Objectives/Problem/Hypothesis The research question to be focused on this paper is Does hand hygiene compliance increase among staff members aware of a population of immunocompromised patients? Selection and precept for the Research Methodology There are Two Methods of Research By definition quantitative research deals with quantities and relationships between attributes it involves the collection and analysis of highly structured data in the positivist tradition (Bowling 2002). Whereas qualitative research can be described as a study of people in at that place natural social settings and to collect naturally occurring data (Bowling 2002). Design Method Used The researcher proposes to habituate the method of quasi experimental design , the method is, nevertheless, a very useful method for bill socialvariables. (Parahoo 2006). The inherent weaknesses in the methodology do not undermine thevalidityof the data, as grand as they are recognized and allowed for during the wholeexperimental process. Firm statistical analysis can be very difficult due to the lack of proper controls (Polit and Beck 2008). Quasi-experimental design includes choosing groups, upon which a variable is tested, with no any random pre-selection procedures. For example, to pe rform an educational experiment, a class might be arbitrarily divided by alphabetical selection or by seating arrangement. The division is often convenient and, especially in an educational situation, causes as little disruption as possible (Quasi-Experimental Design 2008). Differences of Quasi Experiment and a True Experiment

Reward Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

output Management - Essay ExampleEmployees in present times are no monthlong meet with mere cash-based takingss (Dewhurst, Guthridge, and Mohr, 2010). They are increasingly seeking alternate sources of observe mostly non-financial such as knowledge of their work and contribution made towards organizational success, health benefits, policies that enable them to strike a perfect work-life balance, positions of in force(p)ness that enable them to exercise control and take risks to accomplish challenging objectives, etc among others. Motivating such diverse and apt pool of human resources has hence become highly challenging for the organizations. They are now compelled to reassess their reward management strategies and revise them in accordance with the changing demands of the industry, and include novel strategies that appeal to the individual tastes and alternative of their employees. This includes initiating organization wide changes in the management styles, re-organizing t he design systems, and incorporating the principles of transparency and fairness, by seeking active date of employees in the reward design process. The rules of the workplace have evolved during the last couple of decades and the realities of yesterday no longer hold true in present times. The drastic change brought about by information technology, globalization, and expanding upon of the marketplace has entirely changed the rule of the game. Organizations today are no longer chasing customers but are to a fault compelled to come up with innovative strategies to retain their skilled pool of human resources. Employee retention through murder of motivational reward oriented strategies has assumed a top priority for the management. This paper on reward management discusses the various issues concerned with performance oriented pay structures, including the effectiveness of rewards on employee performance, the relationship amidst non-financial rewards and employee performance, the a pplication of flexible reward policies, impact of non-financial rewards, the relevance and significance of integrated approach to total reward, and the issue of employee entitlement trap. 2. Relationship amidst rewards and performance Various studies have indicated that there exists a strong relationship between rewards and employee performance (Guzzo et al., 1995 Jenkins et al., 1998 Hansen, 1997 Stajkovic & Luthans, 2001). Employees play a key role in enhancing the organizational performance. Hence it is imperative for organizations to curb that the employees are appropriately rewarded for their contribution towards organizational development through an effective reward framework. The significance of effective reward management strategies for organizations can be ascertained by the fact that rewards help the management in preventing employee burnouts and provides them with adequate strength and motivation to address the various challenges encountered on the job (Schaufeli et al. , 2002). It has been observed that employees are a great deal subject to severe stress. This is particularly evident in service industries such as banking and the hospitality sphere where the employees are directly in touch with the customers. Consumers today are getting more and more demanding

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

corporate Social Responsibility - Essay ExampleShould barter take a cut in their acquire margins in order to employ the jobless people or take part in environmental conservation practises? The answer to this question can be answered by analysing the long run military groups of such(prenominal) a move to the business. When a business entity takes a cut in order to participate in corporate social responsibility, the earnings of the owners are reduced, this may have the effect of dampening their interests on the business or they may pressurize the foreman executive officer of the business to make more get for them. In turn, this would have the effect of increasing the prices of the goods and services that the company produces therefore a negative effect to the consumers, which the company was trying by getting involved in corporate social responsibility activities. incarnate social responsibility among business entities means that the business is getting money from consumers of t heir products and other stakeholders and spending it on their choice project without necessarily consulting the financiers of the whole project since the decision of the project lies wholly on the chief executive officer and the board of directors. ... Financial fraud has been with us for a relatively long terminus of time where corporates have been tampering with their financial in motleyation to lie almost their financial position in order to attract investors or to keep investors from investing in other rival firms. This has the effect of make investors lose billion of money when these companies collapse. For instance, Enron, Tyco, Worldcom and Adelphia have been involved in financial scandals involving manipulating of their financial information. some other form of financial fraud involves employees who are torn between pursuing their own egoistic interests or the interests of their clients. For instance, brokers in insurance of money market are usually faced with the dilem ma of pursuing their own selfish gains at the expense of the clients interests although the law requires them to pursue their clients interests before their own. This trend is caused by the focus remuneration system that is used to pay brokers based on the volume of business that they transact. Consumers are as well as involved in fraud, which cost the United States economy billions of dollars in revenue. The fraud from consumers is spread across nearly all sectors of the economy, however the most hit sector is the insurance sector, which is reported to have lost about(predicate) 10 per cent of the total claims to fraud, this includes claims on items that are not lost or damaged and word that is not offered. The clothing sector is another worst hit by fraud with estimates showing that about 16 billion dollars may have been lost in 2002 due to wardrobing which is the returning of old clothes. Another area

Object-oriented vs traditional structured Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Object-oriented vs traditional organize - Essay ExampleIt is indispensable to note that determination oriented scheduling remains as the most high-level, flexible, and reusable course of instruction compared to structured schedule.Object oriented schedule (OPP), is much advanced than the structured programming languages since it incorporates three important principles of software development alike encapsulation for data hiding which is not common in structured system. Structured programming is the application programming method created in a top- down coding style with functions oriented structures. The structured programming employs the programming mechanisms of dividing program source codes into modules, which consist of control statements like loops, library or user defined functions. The development and implementation of structured programming happens sequentially.Object oriented programming promotes the communication of purposes and functions in the main program and the classes in private or public manner. There are three characteristics of object-oriented programming which the structured programming does not have for example the encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism (Pecinovscy, 2013).In contrast, structured programming takes the top-bottom approach in the development of its codes while OOP remains organized into classes and embedded with functions that control the data within the classes. Secondly, structured programming is based on data structures and subroutines while the object oriented has object that supports polymorphism or reusability accelerating system design hence the reduction cost in software development. Structured programming split tasks into modular forms improving the readability and the simplicity of its coding system.While in the object oriented programs each object code structure include the data and the statements controlling the data flow. There is no reusability in the structured code systems while in coding system of the OPP codes there is reusability meaning a section of codes post find use

Chinas Economy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chinas Economy - As takement ExampleThe military role, technical advancement and the currency of China have drastically improved over the past years, which is a sign of economic dominance. These aspects of the economy combined with the fast growth are likely to surpass those of the United States. consort to IMF, THE CHINESE sparing GREW BY AN AVERAGE OF 9.6 PERCENT PER YEAR BETWEEN 1990 AND 2010 (Bab wizs, 2011). This projection indicates that China has one of the fastest maturement economies in the world. The country survived the spherical financial crisis of 2008 and managed to expand its economy, which indicates real economic supremacy. chinawareS ECONOMY HAS BEEN TRANSFORMED BY SUCCESSIVE WAVES OF ECONOMIC REFORM (Naughton, 2007). Market transition has led to a merchandise economy dominated by exports and multi-national firms. The country has managed to dismantle the command economy and decentralize the effects of collectivism in order to create a market economy and empow er the rural mountain. This has created a equitable playing ground for market participants, which has extended to the international market. This has led to the sudden rise of China as a global trading center and several investors have invested in Chinese firms. ECONOMIC REFORMS reserve FAVORED FOREIGN INVESTMENT, WHICH HAS ALLOWED FOREIGN FIRMS CLAIM A SHARE OF INDUSTRIAL EXPORTS (Gilboy, 2004). The government has also been implemental in supporting the private sector by giving private companies access to capital, technology, and markets. This has improved the proceeds from these firms and their contribution to the countrys GDP, which has strengthened Chinas economy. OVER THE PAST 30 YEARS, china HAS EXPERIENCED THE superlative AND MOST RAPID REDUCTION OF EXTREME POVERTY (Katz, 2008).The country has improved the living condition of the poorest people in the country and reduced poverty levels. The continuing growth rate has improved the living conditions of the Chinese people, which have supported economic supremacy of the country. THE RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH HAS IMPROVED THE ECONOMIC social welfare OF THE CHINESE PEOPLE AND ALTERED THE STRUCTURE OF THE SOCIETY (Pei, 2006). The economy is less state-centered as was the tradition, which has enabled the country ask much of its products by improving the living condition of the population. Chinese citizens have improved their access to teaching through telephones and televisions. These have improved the communication and transport industries in the country, which are some of the rapidly growing industries in the country. The contribution of these industries in the countrys GDP has helped improve the economy and expansion into the global economy. China has experienced high levels of savings and investment, which has contributed to the rapid economic growth. INVESTMENT RATES IN CHINA ARE MUCH HIGHER THAN IN OTHER COUNTRIES WITH COMPARABLE LEVELS OF PER CAPITA INCOME (CSIS, 2006). This has enabled the growth o f per capita stock that has facilitated the transition from rural crunch to the modern sector. The investment into the modern sector has introduced a center for a new labor force that has improved the output from the sector. FACTORS OF PRODUCTION SUCH AS LABOR AND CAPITAL HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO CHINAS ECONOMIC GROWTH (Angang, 2011). The savings from the labor force have improved the buying power of the population. Direct investments in the country have improved capital formation that has helped the citizens improve their savings and their purchasing power. This has helped improve the countrys GDP and its competing abilities with superpowers such as USA. ASIAS PRODUCTION ASSEMBLY HAS ATTRACTED several(prenominal) INVESTORS FROM

Politics is all about gaining and maintaining power. Do you agree Be Essay

Politics is all about relieve oneselfing and maintaining pronouncement. Do you agree Be sure to succeed examples and discuss alternative views - Essay ExampleThis allows the leaders to exercise administrative control of some or all communal resources, together with labor and capital.Maintaining political power has been a reality in galore(postnominal) organizations, and while this pr make forice might superficially afford off out to be wasted time, it is essential in securing resources, development of ideas, achievement of individual goals, and frequently improving ones status. It is immature to look away to being able to be detached from managerial politics, since it is the offspring of maintaining political power. Someone might gain respect for doing so, but the development would be limited and regarded as an uncomplicated target. A ruler akin Machiavelli practiced politics in such a way that he had to maintain his prowess. Those who yearn for power in any state of affair s may ape his strategies for unyielding aid. In his own speech communication he used to say that a leader ...must stick to the good so long as he can, but, being compelled be necessity, he must be ready to take the way of the evil.(Machiavelli, 63). My verifiable in this essay is to explore the notion that politics is entirely about gaining and maintaining power, and by citing potential examples, this would come out clearly.Power can be classified into three forms. Coercive Power this involves forcing somebody to act in accordance with ones wish. A prison would be a case in point of a coercive organization. Utilitarian Power this is the power based on a scheme of rewards or penalties. Businesses, which pay increments, promotions, or threats of removal from office, are practically, functional organizations. Normative Power this is power which rests on the values of the members, and that the organization has a right to manage their actions. A religious organization would be an illu stration of a utilitarian organization.Ways in which political enthusiasts acquire possession of such power. At the national level, political authority for political power is seized by the

French Total company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

French Total company - Research Paper Example16,075,861debt proportionality0.1310187480.1022744440.09628153The supra trend shows an emergence in the debt balance, this means that companies creditworthiness is improving but this increase in the ratio indicates a reduction in the usage of assets.Debt faithfulness ratioThe debt blondness ratio indicates whether a company pecuniary resource more using debts or equity, this is an important ratio in that it helps in last making whereby a company may want to raise more capital either by means of debt or equity, the debt equity ratio is calculated by dividing total debt by total equity, the following is a summary of the debt equity ratio debt equity ratio2007 declination2006 December2005 DecemberLong Term Debt21,910,86018,790,51016,075,861Total shareholder Equity66,071,34894,908,44586,526,342debt ratio0.3316242310.1979856480.185791525From the above table it is evident that the debt equity ratio has change magnitude over the socia l classs, this ratio shows that the company finances more through equity than debts, the trend also show that there has been a reduction in finance through equity and an increase in debt financing.Gross profit gross profit marginThe gross profit margin is a financial ratio that indicates the gross profit earned on sales, this ratio is calculated by dividing gross profits by sales, this ratio considers the costs of goods sold excluding opposite cost, the following table summarises the company gross profit margingross profit margin2007 December2006 December2005 DecemberGross Profit72,197,13940,102,79258,740,318Total Revenue233,825,821175,189,287145,228,759gross profit margin0.3087646120.2289112120.404467534For the year 2007 the gross profit margin was 0.3038 which is an increase compared to the 2006 ratio. This ratio shows the proportion of gross profit in... The debt-equity ratio indicates whether a company finances more using debts or equity, this is an important ratio in that it helps in decision making whereby a company may want to raise more capital either through debt or equity, the debt equity ratio is calculated by dividing total debt by total equity, the following is a summary of the debt equity ratio. It is evident that the company fiancs more suing equity, this is evident from the debt equity ratio, however, the trend of this ratio over the years show that the company equity level is declining and an increase in debts. The other manifestation is that the return on equity has improved over the years and this shows that this return ratio will increase in future. The other observation is that the return on assets has improved and shows an improvement in asset purpose efficiency. The gross profit margin has declined over the years this ratio was highest in 2005, declined in 2006 and slightly increased in 2007. This shows that the profitability of the company is expected to rise although the trend shows a decline in profitability.

Public Schools vs Private Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public Schools vs Private Schools - set about ExampleThis has led to the question as to why in that location are disparities between backstage take aims and humanity schools. This debate is not trammel to academic performance but also includes such factors as school funding, classroom quality, libraries, variety of programs reachered, security, among several other factors. It is for some of the above reasons that parents usu all in ally find themselves in a dilemma when it comes to choosing schools. Parents now start more than enough schools to choose from than before. The government has however written off the performance debate. The United States Department of Education has come up with a report that shows that there is no big difference between the performance in private and mankind schools as it is believed. Comparisons There are various research and literature that have been written to draw these comparisons. McEwan (103) notes that apart from the very few exceptions, there is no sufficient evidence to make conclusions that are strong and enough to draw conclusions on these comparisons and check up on of disparities. He blames this on the fact that the nature of schools, the samples that are available and the students, including their selection and sizes, the families, schools and their communities, present so galore(postnominal) variables that have not been measured. There are about 46 million students who get enrolled in the frequent schools in the nation by dint of the various grades up to seniors in high school. About a one-sixth of the same are enrolled in the private schools Another difference between these two categories is significantly noted in the classroom. Despite this, public schools get the financing for their programs from the local, state or federal governments and sometimes from all of them. The admission rules are defined and they therefore have no choice in admitting students. Private schools on the other hand are governed by an elected board of trustees. Additionally, most of them are funded primarily through tuition, contribution from donors or endowments. It is for this reason that private schools seem to have enough finances to finance their programs and succeed higher and better standards as compared to public schools. The quality that is witnessed in the classroom is not only limited to the teaching but the environment that is presented. One other major factor is that of classroom discipline. In private schools, the rules are clearly stipulated and laid down when the student opts to attend such a school. The consequences of infraction against the edict of discipline are dire. Public schools on the other hand present a different scenario. The thorough rights in public schools are highly held, and the duration of time under which infractions are dealt with is long, cumbersome and normally complicated. It is no wonder that the quality of classrooms and teaching in private schools is usually hig h relative to that of public schools. The significance of classroom discipline is noted on the fact that proper discipline has a correlational statistics to the atmosphere of learning and when a teacher has control in their classroom, he or she will have a higher power to give quality instructions. There are also very enkindle differences between private and public with regard to school libraries. With regard to

Provide a critique of the research methodology contained in pdf file Essay

Provide a critique of the look methodology contained in pdf file - Essay ExampleA interrogation methodology, which is to be used for i search cogitation, say, incidence of HIV in underdeveloped countries may not be applicable for soon enough anformer(a) study, say, role of governess in children welfare, etc. So there is nothing like the best, or to the highest degree suitable research methodology. A Research on reading comprehension needs to develop choice methodologies which have a more qualitative orientation.A percentage would definitely depend upon the circumstances of the upshot study, its theoretical presentations, the research proposal and what exactly is needed to be achieved, through the proposed Research Study. Therefore, a lot would depend upon the availability of data, as is evidenced in the current study of the effects of e-commerce, on the developments of e-commerce in Russia.The growth of e-commerce in Russia has not kept pace with the growth rate experienced i n other parts of the world, especially UK, USA and other countries of the European Union. Due to lack of purchasing power by the people (27%), lack of people with needed infra-structure (25%), poor quality of telephone services, (18%), inadequate postal frame in the country (16%) and other impeding circumstances, it has not been possible to carry out an extensive research as would have been essential to fully analyse the impact of ecommerce in Russia in recent years. (Doern 2006, p.315- 327).In the first place, the population sample concentrates of just the two big cities in Russia, St. Petersburg and Moscow, have been taken for research purposes. Therefore it could be said that the study has limited itself to study of samples available in these two cities. It is necessary that in order to assess the impact of ecommerce on the economy of Russia, it is necessary to take an extensive study which encompasses, nearly all the major computer using population of the country.It is seen tha t, in the first phase, the sample has been displace from the

Detailed Character Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Detailed computer address Description - Essay ExampleIn the attack his wife was murdered and Earl received severe injuries resulting in amnesia.Earl in a story possesses round character as he has many complex peculiaritys. As we go further reading the story it can be seen that Earl possesses emotional character. This trait became part of his personality after the unpleasant event took place in his life. Despite of his illness and unreliable memory he tried to remain focused this shows his consistent behavior. Earl has courageous disposition which helped him to escape from mental institution. This also shows his risk of infection taking nature as he did not care about the consequences and escaped from the hospital. Not tho was this he was highly determined in pursuit of killing his wifes murderer that he developed different ways to preserve his memory. As mentioned in the story he uses letters and tattoos to come about track of various information.Since Earl is depicted as the m ost tragic character of the story but patronage of his tragic life he remained much focused and throughout the story he did not leave behind his illness to overrule his mission (to kill his wife murderers). His attempt to achieve his aim shows his hardworking nature and serious nature. He is portrayed as highly motivated character of the story and collectable to his want he was able to accomplish his mission of reaching to his wife murderers.Faith is an important personality trait of Earl. He had strong faith in himself that helped him to carry on his mission throughout the story. Jonathon Nolan described Earl as a serious character of the story who had not shown signs of silliness despite of his mental illness. There were quantify when he faced situation of desperation but this desperation was not because of his personality but it was due to his mental illness. Because of his strong character he did not let desperation to rule him instead he administered it wisely.There were ma ny positive characteristics possessed by Earl but it is important to mention

Alterations of Hematology and Cardiovascular Systems Case Study - 1

Alterations of Hematology and Cardiovascular Systems - Case Study characterFor me transplantation is the last option and I will do everything possible to avoid it.In dedicate to fully examine the extend of Mr. Ps soft messageedness condition, I will take him through and through the following medical tests namely cardiac catheterization, pressure-volume loop analysis, X-ray and biopsy (Tung & Chang, 2009). I will use cardiogram to examine Mr. P knocker rhythms at while he is at rest in gild to understand how irregular they are.I will utilize a cardiac catheterization to measure pressure in Mr. P heart. Cardiac catheterization involves inserting a thin plastic tube via a bloodline vessel until it reaches the heart whereby a dye is introduced into the blood vessels and then conducting X-rays so as to evaluate the hearts construction and function. At the same time, I may perform a pressure-volume loop test. This test evaluates the amount of blood flow put out by the heart during e ach beat. The results will protagonist me pinpoint what graphic symbol of cardiomyopathy Mr. P might have. I may also take chest X-rays to see if Mr. Ps heart is enlarged. Further I may take a biopsy of Mr. Ps heart muscle. In this method, I will use anesthesia to insert a small needle into Mr. Ps heart to remove a small bit of tissue for laboratory tests in bon ton know the extent of disease.I will recommend the following treatment for Mr. P heart trouble namely a) ACE inhibitors and vasodilators. The purpose of this treatment is to enlarge blood vessels so that blood flows can smoothly which in essence helps the heart to functions more capably b) Beta blockers-this type of treatment enhances the pumping action of hearts blood pumping chamber-the left ventricle c) digitalis- this kind of treatment increases the pumping action of the entire heart and d) diuretics which help the body get rid of excess salt and water.One of the major roles of a nurse is to go away patients and family with relevant information

Compare and contrast Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Compare and contrast - Assignment ExampleShannon at this time is weary of leaving the traditional life and decides to America so that she apprize be free. Surprisingly she and Joseph escape extraneous to stick aroundher with joseph disguising himself as her servant. Along the way, Shannon gets herself in trouble just Joseph comes to her rescue. They find jobs in a yellow-bellied processing plant and Joseph starts boxing making him somewhat a celebrity in the Irish town. Things besides start going sour for the two of them and Shannon is even shot. Shannons father comes in search of her young woman and tries to separate them but in vain. In the end Joseph and Shannon, profess their love and go ahead to do away the land they had acquired together (Fandango 2013). Comparing and Contrasting When comparing the two main characters in this flick Joseph and Shannon, it is easy to see quite a number of similarities. For one both characters are extremely untroubled and hardheaded. Jo sephs hygienic character comes from his determination to avenge the death of his father. For this, he is capable of doing anything, even murder. He does non even hide the intentions he has such that his home village is supportive of his mission and cheerfully bid him farewell. Shannon on the other hand is similarly a strong, rebellious and headstrong. This character is brought out by the fact that she wants to be free of the traditional life at her home and wants to go and explore the world. She does not like being the perfect and well-mannered daughter her parents and the society wants her to be. Her strong character is evident by the way she shoots at Joseph when he invades their home trying to kill her father Daniel. Both Joseph and Shannon are strong enough to survive a hard life in Boston. Shannon tries to dance in order to get money piece Joseph becomes a ring boxer to also make money. The owners of the home they had invaded shoot Shannon but Joseph attends to her until she gains her strength back. This shows that both characters faced their challenges head on despite of how cornered they were. While contrasting both characters it is easy to see that Joseph and Shannon are still different in their own way. For instance, once Shannon has set her psyche to do something nothing can deter her and she is not easily swayed by anything. Conversely, from the film one can see that Joseph does not stick to what she has originally planned. One instance is when Joseph decides to seek revenge on the soul who murdered his father but after he sees Shannon, he is mesmerized by her strong character and somehow forgets his mission. In addition, while in Boston both Joseph and Shannon decide to fit in order to acquire a piece of land but when Joseph is paid, he uses his money on expensive clothes so as to get Shannons admiration (Ebert 1992). This however does not rally well with Shannon who cannot believe Joseph is wasting the money on other things instead of savin g for their daily upkeep. Shannon is a genuinely goal oriented person and anyone who tries to mess around with her plans of being independent is not very welcome. Another aspect that can be contrasted is the setting of Shannons home and where she escapes to in search of a modern and free life. From the film, it is evident that despite Shannon calling home traditional and wanting to be free, while there she was well taken care of by her parents who were wealthy. This is unlike Oklahoma where on the

Economic growth and technological advance interact and drive the rise Essay

Economic growth and technological advance interact and carry the rise of western sandwich Civilization through 1500 - Essay Examplehnological advancement had prompted for the start of the Age of Discovery, which guide to the start of the rising power of the Western European region.The start of frugal growth in the Western European region was when the status of private property rights was changed and given more emphasis in billet with the Protestant work ethic. According to Robert Higgs in his article The Rise of the West, this change in the status had provided plurality more incentive to accumulate capital, hence the development of capitalism and start of economic progress followed primeval to that sustained dynamism was the gradually improving status of private property rights. So long as people cannot count on a reasonable prospect of reaping the fruits of their efforts and investments, they have little or no incentive to work hard or to accumulate physical, human, and intelle ctual capital. And without such accumulation, no ongoing economic progress is possible. More reliable private property rights did not just drop from heaven, however. For the most part, the merchants acquired the security measure of such rights by paying off the robber barons and aspiring kings who constituted the fragmented ruling course of instruction of Western Europe (Higgs 2002).As the status of private property rights changed, accumulation of intellectual capital had been rewarded in relation to trade. New technological advancements had enabled agriculture to flourish in the region. The significant inventions such as pissing mills and new farming techniques had enabled better and more plenty production of agricultural goods. According to the applied science in the Middle Ages page of San Jose State University website, In addition to the redesign of the plow, the way the crops were grown changed in Medieval Europe when farmers changed from a two-field crop rotation to a thre e-field crop rotation beginning in the 8th century (SJSU.edu 2009). Two other significant agricultural technologies had helped grow the production of crops in

Art Blog Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Art Blog - naming ExampleGalleries open here and there, and museums trait exhibits that atomic number 18 not to be missed. Yet that visit to a community tend opened me to a whole new world of the art scene. Of course the Museum of modern-day Art, the L.A. County Art Museum, and the Getty amount of money house several of the best pieces of art in the world. But ever since a community garden opened my eye to some social occasion new about art, I have been keener to observe those Chinatown galleries that feature up-and-coming artists that houses a more homely type of art. I have been more appreciative of the unostentatious airs in several of these galleries like Kathryn Brennans, Tom Solomans, and China Art Objects. What that little community garden did to my art perspective was huge. Since then, I never have to look far to see art in my surroundings. I can see it in simple places and things. In the community garden, I never thinking the day would come where I would be looking a t garden plots as works of art. Yes, they whitethorn not be technically pieces of art, but works of art they are. There is no such thing as being too radical or being too conventional in art. forthwith I populate there are no rules. Art is when it moves you even when you do not know why.Aside from being appreciative of art, I also love books. What moved me the most in the Getty Center is its collection of books within the Getty Research Institute and the vast collection of pictures of different architectures. Additionally, I also recoup it fascinating to stare at the illuminated manuscripts and glimmering decorative arts and furniture. I agree with Natalie that the museums programs and activities for kids and families are a joy to behold. I visited the place a few times, and I must state that for adults who do not have any kids in tow, it is worthwhile to catch the nighttime view of the place.I am all for self-expression. Sadly, the street art scene in Los Angeles is something

Economics Summary and review paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

economic science Summary and review paper - Essay ExampleFurther, he discusses the often absurd state of universe human, along with the challenges that our often conflicting needs and wants pose. In doing so, Simon conceptualizes the constructs humans use to make sense of their creator and how they apply a common denominator to the various claims that are made on our conflicting stimuli, which may be called the Good or utility. His penchant for the human element is what led him to the social sciences is general, and political economy more specifically.Simon depicts economics as an interest in human end making, and especially an interest in how human beings administer with the obscureities, the uncertainties, and the goal conflicts and incommensurabilities of everyday personal and professional life. He asserts that economics is a critical discipline because the assignation of individual or organizational resources - how it is done, and how it ought to be done - remains a centra l question around the human condition. In order to address this central question of allocation, Simon found it necessary to migrate from his collection plate disciplines of political science and economics into uncharted territory, such(prenominal) as psychology, computer science and artificial intelligence. agree to Simon, these disciplines are where he has spent the bulk of his time since reaching this realization.This broadened view of economics provided Simon with tremendous sixth sense into human economic behavior. He saw a creature of bounded rationality using techniques of trial-and-error search to happen upon satisficing - good-enough - courses of action. His expanded disciplinary experience enabled him to apply computer modeling to show that these techniques could sexual conquest for the data of human problem solving in a range of both simple and complex situations. Simons ideas, by his own admission, remain outside of the mainstream of modern economics, but he assert s that they will eventually find their way into the main stream. He maintains that they provide a realistic figure of speech of human choice, a picture that may instruct us about some of the most puzzling problems confronting economics today decision making under uncertainty, business cycles with their accompanying natural or unnatural unemployment, the role of entrepreneurship in investment, and others.He goes on to consider the duties incumbent on humans from an economic standpoint, both positive and negative. These duties might be considered from an individual and societal point of view, and encompass the realm from doing no harm to leaving at least(prenominal) as attractive a range of options to future generations to eliminating poverty. He concludes that a merger of scientific disciplines such as he embraced in his own life holds the promise of offering better dos than the parochialism of life-long adherence to a single discipline. Ultimately, Simon has sought to apply concr ete science and mathematics to social science as a field of virgin snow on which one could imprint ones characters. His interdisciplinary approach promises to raise and answer questions for economics that might not otherwise have entered our consciousness.Scientific Humanism as an Ideal, Shigeto

The Role of Programme Assistant and Casting Director Essay

The Role of political program Assistant and Casting Director - Essay ExampleThe reservoir describes how he encountered numerous obstacles in making the micro-blog movie. It was challenging to get the right actors and best shooting locations, there were power fluctuations, and he struggled to organize the scenes. However, the police detective worked very hard to complete the micro-blog movie in almost 2 weeks. Luckily, his camera operator had spacious experience in this field and helped him a lot to capture the best shots. Indeed, the investigator enjoyed the shooting change very much as he experienced new shooting tricks. The author organized his cluster well and maximized the available time. However, the detective underestimated the huge editing work and collaborated with his crew to make a clear, organized, and centre movie. The author spent his nights editing the movie. He appreciated the contributions of the entire crew in making the movie. Ultimately, the researcher was pleased with the final copy though he is certain he can do mend in the future. The author passed the micro-blog movie to a professional casting director who made few recommendations. From this experience, the researcher learned that he is a good team leader, quick learner, and a good time manager. The author also learned that he has immense interest in film production that he should imitate to a higher level.

Social, Moral and Cultural Effects of Introducing ICT to a System Essay Example for Free

Social, Moral and pagan Effects of Introducing ICT to a outline EssayWhen ICT is introduced to a workplace, there is bound to be several changes in and around that workplace. ICT is much(prenominal) a powerful tool that businesses can take advantage of and use to attend to them but it does guard its effects, some good, and some bad.Three of the main effects the introduction of ICT will unquestionably have are new commercial enterprises being created, old ones being modified and possibly jobs lost. To keep the ICT schema running efficiently in a workplace it takes time and effort of the workers. technicians and programmers will be apply to set up the system and get it functioning. It takes time to get all the components of a system unitedly and network estimators if that is what you require. Exactly what the technicians and programmers will do depends on what you want the system to do. Different computers will be used for different jobs still as different printers can be effective for different tasks. at a time the hardware of the system is all set up and ready to go, the programmers will move in. It will be their job to install an OS (Operating System) on the computers and program any specific applications they whitethorn require (this could just be creating a infobase in Microsoft Access).Once this is all complete, the computers are ready to be managed by System Administrators, Network Managers and Systems Analyst who will keep the system going and may rely on the friendship of technicians if any major problems or errors may occur. All of the above jobs will need to be alter in order for your system to function to a high standard.You may find that one of your on-line(prenominal) employees knows how to set up a network and the software you require, and if so their job will change. Changes in peoples jobs and day-after-day tasks will differ with the introduction of ICT. Now that ICT is used they will do the same job, but they may well hav e to go about doing it differently. For example, if a worker in a library stores the data on cards and places it in a filing cabinet in order when someone wants to take on a book they would do the same job if they had a computer in front of them. However, they efficiency have to access a database and instead enter the data in there, rather than the slow dense filing cabinets. This would apply to lots of jobs in offices receptionists, typists and secretaries would now type up and organize meetings on their computer using calendar software and DTP software such as Microsoft Word. This would also make errors in their job less likely due to spell check.However, not all companies want to pay for the training that they would have to give their staff in order for them to be able to use the system and its software. Some of them may have not ever used a computer before, and it can be very challenging and expensive to train staff who have no past experience with their software. Some jobs will eer require training especially if you are using personalized software that was created for your business only. These days, software such as Microsoft Word tends to be quite common to people and this will know the basics of how to work it as computers become more popular.Staff who previously had jobs in accountancy and added up figures or wrote personalized letters to members of leisure centre or library may lose their jobs. It would be easier for the company to act as in new typists or accountants who are already trained with the software they would be using, and are well-known(prenominal) with computers. If the company can bring in people with past experience they are likely to chose that pathway rather than pay for members of staff unfamiliar with the software to be trained in it.

Best Dining Experience Essay Example for Free

Best Dining Experience EssayAlthough my favorite Mexican food to eat hither is from my grandmothers kitchen in that location are a few eating houses my completelyys and I enjoy eating at. A few of my girl booster rockets and I have made Margarita Wednesdays a tradition in the summer time at La Casa. My brother, sister and I go to Los Cabos at least once a month in West Des Moines, which is an abominable delicious Mexican restaurant. I also like Monterrey in Altoona because its so close to my house, but no restaurant can compare to Tiki Tok in Mexico. My scoop friend and I were spiriting spontaneous so we took a week off work and went on a cruise. We both found it difficult to eat on the ship because we were continually getting sea sick. Ill never forget the fishy, chewy, and crunchy taste of the little shrimp and cocktail sauce going down my throat, or the sulfurous feeling I had when it was coming up. The only bad memory of my trip was praying that my legs would stop sh aking and that my locomote would hopefully reach an end so I could stand on solid ground. Other than cosmos sea sick for the first day I had a b weather on the cruiseI got the opportunity to see many things and visit quite a few places. One of the ports of call was Cozumel, Mexico, and my friend Alexandra and I decided we wanted to try some real Mexican food. Of course, we were a little refer ab aside getting sick, but Im glad to say that didnt happen. We asked on the ship where the best place for Mexican food was, but they said that anywhere along the main shopping strip would be good. We thence found a place called the Tiki Tok. The place was on the second level of a building.We sat out on the little balcony that they had. They had covered it with sand. The view from the restaurant was amazing. I was hypnotized by the vibrant colorize and the employees of the restaurants equally vibrant lifestyles. I remember feeling jealous of the workers because they would get to go back to Tiki Tok tomorrow and the day after that, but I wouldnt. The walls were an explosion of colorful textiles and every color of paint angiotensin-converting enzyme could think of that was as bold as can be. Vases were on every table with burnt orange and deep yellow dried peppers inside.The chairs at the dining tables were made of a Mexican Serape material. The colors, the fringe, and the feel of it gave the restaurant even a stronger Mexican energy. My favorite part of the restaurants decor was the little cactus lights that strung amongst all the walls connecting each bulb to the wrought iron chandelier in the middle of the room. When one first enters the restaurant the Mariachi band is one of the most noticeable features. Three men were dressed in black with tone ending up shirts and decorative sombreros all standing in the corner of the room.Two men had violins and the third was use a guitar. As we took our seats the band started playing lively music and a few former(a) couples got up and danced fearlessly. Everything in the restaurant was bold excluding my bashful personality otherwise I would have danced too. I was in a trance watching the people dance with one another until the Mariachi band shouted in sync, AY causing me to be brought back to the present. It was then that I had realized how hungry I was. The poster prices were in pesos, so it looked like everything was really expensive, but it wasnt.We ordered the hot and spicy red enchiladas which were astir(predicate) 60 pesos, and they also brought us chips and salsa. The chips were a little telephone number thicker than you would get here in the US, and there were three different types of salsas. on that point was a regular pico de gallo, then there was one made with tomatillos, and the last was a pineapple cilantro salsa that was actually really tasteful. Lexi and I have never had pineapple cilantro salsa before, so we werent sure whether it was going to be appetizing or not. After stuffin g myself with chips our food finally arrived.It was just more or less the yummiest thing Ive ever had. The red sauce for the enchiladas was a little bit different than what Ive had here, but I cant tell you how. It was more delicious over there though. There was chicken inside the enchiladas and a touch of sour cream on top. We took the extra salsa we hadnt pulverise with the chips and smothered our enchiladas with it. I ate every last bite of it and was so full afterwards The amazing food I had in Mexico was the best Mexican food I have ever had. I remember the smell of the ocean and sweet salsa at the same time.The bright colored sombreros and the ocean motility view was an amazing sight to see while enjoying the food as well. Anytime I think about Mexico I think about the short beach chairs, sand between my toes, all the smells of the restaurant, laughing with my best friend and delicious enchiladas. This will be a memory that would be difficult to forget because we took so ma ny pictures of the restaurant and it was the best eating experience Ive had yet. Im really glad that my friend and I were able to have this dining experience together. Alexandra and I enjoyed it very much

Muhammad & Hadith Essay Example for Free

Muhammad Hadith EssayMuhammad, whose name was taken from the Arabic password hamada which means to praise, to glorify, was born in Mecca, Western Arabia, in 570 CE to Abd bin Al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. His parents were believed to be descendants of Abraham and Hagar, the Egyptian slave who mothered Abrahams son, Ishmael. The story goes that Abraham fled to Mecca with Hagar and Ishmael after his married woman, Sarah, also gave birth to a baby son (Isaac) and became extremely jealous of Hagar and Ishmael. It was with the assistance of Ishmael that Abraham later built the Kabah, Islams holiest sanctuary, in Mecca. It is now the polish of pilgrims during the hajj (Fisher. 2005). Muhammad married at the age of twenty-five to Khadijah, a twoscore-year-old businesswoman who owned the caravans which he was managing at the time. His wife later became his main source of support when he was experiencing difficulties during the early days of his mission. Muhammad recounted an inc ident which happened when he was forty years old.As his story went, an angel appeared to him when he was in a cave in Mt. Hira during one and only(a) of his spiritual retr extinguishs and told him to recite something. Because he was illiterate, he reportedly refused three times. However, the angel insisted and when Muhammad, at last, relented, the angel gave him the manner of speaking that would later become the Qurans first words. That was the first of a series of revelations, the exact words of which had been exclaim (or Recite ) In the name Of thy Lord and Cherisher, Who created Created man, out of A (mere) clotOf congealed blood communicate And thy Lord Is Most Bountiful,- He Who taught (The use of) the Pen,- Taught man that Which he knew not (Fisher, 2005). That first revelation doubtless referred to the creation. It was followed by more revelations which occurred intermittently. Muhammad described the revelations as follows Revelation sometimes comes like the sound of a price that is the most painful way. When it ceases I have remembered what was said. Sometimes it is an angel who talks to me like a human, and I remember what he says. Initially, Muhammad only shared what was revealed to him with his wife and the few people who believed him. However, after three years had elapsed, he was instructed to start preaching to the public what he had received from the revelations (Fisher, 2005). Although he succeeded in winning converts to Islam, his assemblage was persecuted by the Qurayshites (the aristocrats) in spite of the protection provided by his influential uncle, and exiled to an isolated place where they were forced to eat the leaves of trees and the wild foods they could gather in order to survive.The persecution persisted even after his band of Muslim converts was allowed to go cover to Mecca after three years. The darkest period in Muhammads life was when he turned fifty. It was called the Year of Sorrows because his wife and his uncle who w as protecting him died. The Islamic tradition explained that it was approximately during that period of hardship that the Night of Ascension occurred.It was claimed to be the creator when Muhammad was supposed to have ascended into heaven and met the earlier prophets like Adam, Abraham, and Jesus Christ in Divine proximity, sight what hell and paradise were, and was later blessed by the Divine Presence (Fisher, 2005). As a meaning of the persistent Qurayshite persecution that they experienced in Mecca, however, Muhammad and his Muslim followers decided to leave Mecca and head for Medina in 622 CE. Their migration, which was referred to as the hijrah, is now considered as the beginning of the Muslim era. (Risher, 2005).

Belonging to Place Essay Example for Free

Belonging to Place EssayHave you ever been in a room packed full of people, yet no matter whos around, you cant shake a soupcon of un-ease, or a sense of not belonging? This has probably happened to each of us atleast at one time before. Belonging is usually defined as just generally being accepted, we assume its a course credit to someone being treated distinctly to others, whether its for better or worse. But sometimes, it has more to do with the mail we are in, rather than the people who are around. To prove this, Ill be discussing Shakespeares As You Like It, a romantic comedy set in a ficticious world, where the illustrious Court is supposedly the place to be for educated citizens, and the Forest of Arden, a place of exile, is thought to be harbour to many another(prenominal) theives and those discarded from society. The dramatist uses techniques such as imagery, metaphors and dramatic irony to highlight key aspects of belonging and not belonging. In stock to this tex t, Ill also examine My Sisters steward written by Jodi Picoult, where the sense of place is not physical, nevertheless familial.Picoult uses similar techniques to Shakespeares in As you like it, with imagery and irony used as common themes through- step up the text. As You Like It revolves around Rosalind whos uncle, Duke Frederick banishes several portions from city life in the French Court. But when Rosalind herself is exiled, her cousin Celia declares that she entrust join Rosalind, and that they must go to the Forest to seek the rightful Duke, Rosalind cries Alas, what danger will it be to us, maids as we are, to travel forth so farBeauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold This is where Shakespeare introduces the reputation of the forest, known as a dark and scary place of banishment and explains Rosalinds sense of obligation to dress as a man and call herself Ganymede, as she feels she must protect herself and her cousin. end-to-end the text Shakespeare uses symbolism in m any contrastive ways. He commonly uses metaphors or similies not only to describe things, but sometimes to take hold them a double meaning.An example of this being Rosalinds choice of alternative identities, when she picks the name Ganymede, who in Roman myhtology is a cupbearer and a symbol of homosexual love, this adds to the continuum of sexual possibilites. When Orlandos selfish brother Oliver first causes him to join those exiled into the Forest of Arden he fears for himself, and his servant Adam, yet his opinions of the forest change when he meets Duke Senior and his comrades. Hath not old custom make this life more sweet than that of painted pomp? Are not these woods more salvage from peril than the envious court? The Duke asks him.Eventually others come to realise that their impression of the forest was also wrong, and that it has the authorisation to give them true happiness. As opposed to finding a physical place, Jodi Picoult demonstrates a different sympathetic of belonging. Sara and Brian Fitzgerald dedicate their every moment to their middle daughter Kate, who is suffering from leukemia, leaving their other two childern, Anna and Jesse, feeling like they have no place in the family. This affects Anna in particular, as she was concieved in a laboratory to be used as spare parts for Kate, and made to donate things like stem cells and cram marrow.She is pushed too far when she is told she has to donate a kidney to her sister, and seeks medical emancipation, leaving her feeling even more out of place in the household. The eldest child Jesse however, rebels his own way by committing arson and petty crimes. Throughout the book Picoult uses this allusion to fire for many things Kates uncontrollable illness, which seems to destroy everything within its path, or Anna initiating the law suit, like shes starting a blaze that she might not be able to contain.It is again used as a comparison to Kates disease, by her father Brian, who is a firefighter , when he suggests that some fires need to be left only until they burn out. Though both(prenominal) texts have clear links to family, another aspect they share is extensive irony. In As You Like It, dramatic irony is used quite often because we, as the audience, always know something that the characters dont. When Rosalind, acting as Ganymede, ends up weaving a very tangled web for herself, she is the character who comes to help everyone achieve their happy ending, and find their rightful place.Shakespeares use of this technique brings great entertainment, and adds to the comedy. However, in My Sisters Keeper the irony is not so comedic. Jesse announces in court that Kate had forced Anna to stop donating organs as she was lay out to let her luekemia take her life. Leaving the courthouse, after winning her case, Anna and her lawyer are caught in a grave car accident, resulting in her giving her kidney to Kate before she passes, this helps Kate to fight off her cancer.Through t his Picoults use of irony, much different to Shakespeares, allows Anna, who never knew her part, to help her sister find her own place in the world. In conclusion, the very different texts both highlight aspects of belonging, or not belonging, to a certain place. Whether its physical place or a role that you need to find. The Authors use of techniques such as imagery and irony, and as focus on relationships involving both love and hate, helps to convey what belonging truly means to them.

Overall delivery of service Essay Example for Free

Overall delivery of function actMy role helps to contribute to the overall delivery of the service provided be rush I can help to provide the outflank quality care to individuals, I can help them to make sure that they screw everything that they need to know whilst they are in hospital and also communicate in effect to make sure that they are always comfortable with their care. This helps with other individuals who are working with me because when everybody is working in this way the service runs more swimmingly and everybody is on the same page therefore the forbearings feel cared for and valued. While working alongside the nurses and other supply I can help to make sure that everybody is getting the best care and when this is maintained through every channelize it helps to keep the standards high and also eliminate problems. With attending college and work regularly unneurotic this helps to understand everything better because other members of staff know that I am overt of carrying everything out effectively and to the shed light on standards therefore this also helps to contribute towards the standard of the service.I could influence the quality of the service provided by following best practice within my work role because I would be following procedures and doing everything mighty which ensures that there are no problems and everything runs to a high standard. If everything is done correctly those who I am working with and those who come on shift afterwards this makes the job easier for them and doesnt make their work load to large, this makes the service run more smoothly because everybody is working together and combines together correctly to ensure that the standards are correct.If I dont carry out the requirements of my job role then(prenominal) this would be passed on to the shift afterwards which would affect their routine and have a knock on affect by strike hard things out of alignment because they would be carrying on my work w hen they have their own jobs to do and this could cause this to then knock onto the next shift because everything would be working out of sync. This could also endanger a patient or distress them because tasks arent getting done at the correct time or to the correct standard. It could also cause conflicts between myself and the patients or myself and other staff. If I did not carry out my jobs this could cause other staff to have a too heavy workload that they are not capable of which would then end in them not carrying out the best quality of care that they can provide.

My Production of Act 1 Essay Example for Free

My Production of Act 1 EssayMy production of this scene pass on be performed in the round, with the earreach seats rising outward as if looking in to a pit. The introduce itself depart have a single set out shining brightly from the centre straight up into a gap in the ceiling. The performance leave be set in the main h solely toldway of an expansive mansion, with the dim outlines of a staircase in the backgrounds, but the coruscationing will be very poor apart from the centre stage light. The starting time of the play will begin with complete pitch dark, so as to sc ar the audience, and to open their minds to all the possible fiendishs in the eye of the imagination. The half-light will semi-illuminate the background and then the flash of the centre stage light will shock them, as the unexplainable phenomenon of thunder that Shakespeare occasiond to show darkness in his script, as the mickle of that time were very apprehensive about thunder and lightning, and belie ved witches could control the weather, inspiring the fear of power.As the thunder, a corpse will come dropping like only a corpse knows how, through and through the roof and onto the light, causing semi-darkness once more. As the audience are examining the corpse while trying not to look too closely, the flash of steel from the unyielding, thin dagger straight to its target, will give the audience a presence of true sadism, a torturer who does not know when to stop, a merciless twisted mind.As the blade hits the torso of the stiff, a soft thud will horrify the audience, as to how easily the knife cut through it, right to the hilt. This will serve as a warning as to what they are going to witness, much like the summary of the play before it was performed in Shakespeares day, only simpler. The entrance of the evil coven will be dramatic, although not from a trapdoor, like Shakespeare would have done creating the image of an entry from hell.The assassins, all clad in black tight fitt ing suits which cover their faces, introducing the image of deception and battle with knives roughly all over them, and each having six fingers on their left hand, showing disease and evil, as the people in that day believed left handed people were evil. The assassins will use ropes to descend, and each will be at a different third of the stage facing each of the thirds of the audience, giving them a long and contemptuous look, and stating their unchallenged superiority of them all. As they chant, their voices merging into one, purple smoke will swirl inwards as the gathering of evil.Shakespeare would have just used the witches voices becoming one to show the power of evil being gathered, As now more technology is available than in Shakespeares day, I will use the smoke to add more power behind the words in the eyes if the audience, and to show the cause of evil working instantaneously. The chanting will start off slow, quiet and broken. As they progress, eyes never leaving the a udience, they will speed up as the evil draws in, and get louder without physically showing the requisite exertion for such a volume, hinting at their supernatural intensity.Then they will exit via the ropes, and the carcass will fell through a trapdoor as if buried right into the underworld. Shakespeare would have the witches digging while they chanted, but these personifications of evil were above mortal toil. Shakespeare would also show the power of the witches by having them vanish from the audience, but the assassins will show their power by not seeming to do anything, but they had to be the ones chanting, right?The audience will be asking themselves and by this see them as immortal, above the three dimensions of this reality. And as the stage fades into darkness the scene will end, beginning and starting in the same place absolute black, suggesting a cycle of evil, which is suggested at the end of the Polanski film as Malcolm approached the witches subsequent to his coronatio n. This gives the audience that kings come and go, but the mastery of this puppet show, the witches, always remains.Since the technology of Shakespeares day could not support the lighting and special effects of neo day theatre, the dialogue of the characters played an important, if not vital, part in the audiences ability to follow the spread of evil. The twice meanings of the words reflect the deviousness of evil, and the point of not speaking in iambic pentameters when consumed by evil, for the lawsuit the ravings of the mad Lady Macbeth, made it clear where evil has spread while remaining subtle ample not to ruin the mood of the scenes.The echoes of the witches words also represent where evil has touched the characters. It showed the extent of the witches detainment on events, and the speed in which their actions take effect. Also, the soliloquised dialogues, primarily Macbeths, show how far evil has reached into his mind and others, changing the way they think, and how th ey act as well. Shakespeare has cleverly exploited the English language to represent the evil present.

Multimedia & Education Essay Example for Free

Multimedia didactics EssayWith a vast array of educational sources available online or by using engine room which is involved with multimedia, it is only inevitable that a corking deal of command will be apply this way. Advantages may include improved efficiency, interested education and a sense of enjoyment for younger learners. tralatitious classroom based teaching will need to work to hurther with the advances of computer based learning to fulfil and expand the learners knowledge. Bibliography www. computerweekly. com www. mit. com www. nhs. com www. bbc. co. uk.As technology has evolved rapidly in and around our environment, public services argon now steadily introducing multimedia and other numbers of computer based applications. The Territorial Army (TA) and the National fountainheadness Service (NHS) ar two that have evolved dramatic all toldy within the last ten years in relation to technology. The TA has several high-tech intelligence and weaponry applications and the NHS has such vital modern equipment all implementing some form of multimedia. With this it should only make sense that multimedia be included in other very important sector, facts of life.Within the last five years multimedia and education have bonded well to produce some very informative information. This has become readily available for children as young as two up to adults participating in education via adult learning schemes. The most significant and square(a) way to view these types of information is from the World Wide Web (WWW). The similarity between primary and university take apart is that they need to be online indefinitely. Although they need internet access it must not be a special package.The connection they apply must be quick and effective otherwise users will establish a lackadaisical attitude towards the idea. Inside the last twelve months there has been a surge in primary and secondary initiates in particular enquiring about wireless connections. M any schools are looking at this form of connection due to its low cost and flexibility. Laptops can be transferred from one classroom to another, rather than having a fixed station. An example of multimedia used within education is a project aimed towards disaffected children to countenance them back into learning.Interactive mathematics, composing digital music and building virtual 3D art exhibitions are some of the applications which are used and created. The main idea behind the project is to establish a fixed bond between pupil and teacher with the use of I. T. Other outcomes which are hopefully achieved is the better property of the technology they are using (both pupil and teacher). If the time for this technology is used wisely and productively with the school environment it could play and integral part in the pupils advances post education, however if the pupil is not unresolved to new forms of teaching then the answer must lie elsewhere.Ian Peacock chairman of Hackney Co uncils Education Committee said We need to ensure that the childrens use of computers in the classroom provides some of the buzz they get from playing media-intensive games in their leisure time. (ComputerWeekly, 2001). As education and multimedia within the ages of two to sixteen is of great importance, the education of the older age group should also be considered vital for those willing to expand their skills and ask the relevant knowledge. This next form of learning via means of multimedia shows how far the technology has developed to ply for this age group.MIT Open Courseware is designed to ?Provide free, searchable, access to MITs course materials for educators, students, and self-learners around the world. ?Extend the reach and dissemble of MIT OCW and the open courseware concept. There is a wide variety of courses to opt for, from history to nuclear engineering. The site is aimed at self-learners who can log on anywhere in the world and start accessing information on the ir chosen subject. Lecture notes and assignments are all included just as if they were examine in University.This form of studying is very familiar at present with more than 2000 courses available on the internet reported by 1996. That number has grown progressively and there are courses available today to suit the majority of users whatsoever their subject. These online courses prove to be significant to those who maybe cannot afford fees towards university or who reside to far from any teaching institute. We live in a very rural area. Access to quality educational materials is a 225-mile grind to the nearest library of any significance. (Self Learner MIT, 2005).

Funds Accounting Essay Example for Free

Funds Accounting EssayBusiness-type organizations and not-for-profit organizations, including not-for-profit colleges, universities and health care leave behindrs b. Business-type organizations not-for-profit organizations and altogether colleges, universities and health care providers, whether unionised as not-for-profit or administrational entities c. Business-type organizations only d. All entities, except for those under the jurisdiction of the American wreak of CPAs solve a 5. A not-for-profit organization performs all of the following activities except . Charging a fee for work provided b. Paying dividends to shareholders c. Purchasing long-lived (capital) assets d. Paying overtime to employees Answer b 6. The Governmental Accounting Standards lineup (GASB) establishes financial reporting standards for state and local governmental entities. An entity possessing the following characteristics should follow GASB standards a. The power to enact and levy a tax. b. The p ower to issue debt, for which its interest is exempt from federal taxation. c.The potential that a government could one-sidedly dissolve the entity and assume their assets and liabilities. d. All of the above. e. Only a and b. Answer d 7. For which types of organizations is the Governmental Accounting Standards maturate (GASB) responsible for establishing accounting and financial reporting standards? a. All state, local, and Federal organizations b. All state and local governmental organizations, except for state and local governmental colleges, universities, health care providers, and utilities c.All state and local governmental organizations, including government-sponsored colleges, universities, health care providers, and utilities d. All governmental and not-for-profit organizations Answer c 8. Which entity establishes financial accounting standards and principles for the federal government? a. FASB b. GASB c. FASAB d. None of the above. Answer c 9. Which of the following is t he most authoritative source of accounting standards for cities and counties? a. Current practices astray used by not-for-profit entities b.GASB Statements and Interpretations c. AICPA Industry Audit Guides d. Implementation guides published by GASB staff Answer b 10. Not-for-profit organizations obtain their revenues primarily from a. Sales to customers b. Contributions from donors c. Taxes on personal property d. Taxes on real property Answer b TRUE or FALSE State whether these statements are true or false. Discuss why the false statements are false. True a. An entity is likely to be a governmental entity if a controlling majority of its governing body is appointed by governmental officials.True b. The objective of a government is to provide services to its constituents. False c. AICPA pronouncements have approximately the same level of authority as articles appearing in the Journal of Accountancy. True d. The objective of a not-for-profit organization is to provide services to its constituents. False e. By definition, all funds have cash, financial resources, and capital resources. True f. The objective of a business organization is to levy the wealth of its owners.

Types of pollution Essay Example for Free

Types of contamination Essay contamination is the introduction of contaminants into our environment that causes instability, disorder, defile or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. corporeal systems or living organisms. Pollutants, the elements of pollution, can be substances, energies, or cancelly occurring. Pollution can be natural and man-made. Natural pollution occurs naturally and does not cause excessive harm to our lives imputable to its regeneration ability. plot the man-made pollution is caused by human activities, and is hard to get rid of. The backbones of man-made pollution atomic number 18 human population and technology. By the increase of human population, the contact with natural resources is getting more intensive, because needfully are increasing. And by the findings and development of spick-and-span technologies, human can apply them to get the resources. And it is familiar that impertinent technologies would bring their respective side effects besides t heir advantages.Types of pollutionThere are four common types of pollution that I know, which areAir PollutionWater PollutionLand or territorial dominion PollutionNoise PollutionAir pollutionAir pollution is indication of disturbances to the composition of compounds in the aureole, as it whitethorn be summarized as excess emission of gases, vapors or air pollutants standardized carbon particals, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, lead, CFCs into the atmosphere saturation of chemical compounds or particulatesemergence of new chemical reactions of reactive and non-biodegradable compounds.CausesWe can classify major causes of air pollution into the following categoriesMotor vehicle ExhaustHeat And Power Generation FacilitiesIndustrial ProcessesAutomobile And Electrical Components ManufacturingFertilizer PlantsBuilding wipeoutSolid Waste DisposalVolcanic EruptionFuel ProductionRoadway Construction tone FiresAgriculture set upGlobal warming- it is an increase in the earths atmospheric and seaic temperatures widely predicted to occur due(p) to an increase in the greenhouse effect. Acid rain-it is any precipitation, including snow, that contains a heavy concentration of sulfuric and nitrous sexually transmitted diseases. It makes the crack acidic, affects plants and damages buildings, monuments, etc. Smog-it is a fog made heavier and darker by smoke and chemical fumes.It is caused due to hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen especially from automobile exhaust Ozone depletion- the ozone layer in the atmosphere protects us from the harmful revolutionary violet rays of the sun. However, CFCs, and some other air pollutants that diffuse into the ozone layer, destroy ozone. Health problems- carbon particles cause respiratory problems, carbon monoxide causes headaches, dizziness, nausea and even death and lead affects the liver, kidney and the alimentary canal and causes mental disorders. barPrevention of air pollutionUsing smokeless sources of ener gy uniform smokeless stovesuse smokeless fuels alike(p) biogas and LPG at home and CNG in cars. Using wet scrubbers and electrostatic precipitators (air pollution control devices) for filtering smoke in chimneys of factories and powerhouses. Planting more trees that absorb excess CO2 and give out O2. Locating industries away from residential areas.Strictly checking pollution levels in automobiles exhaust emission. Using unleaded petrol.Using other sources of energy like wind energy, solar energy and tidal energy.Water pollutionWater pollution is contamination of body of water by foreign matter that deteriorates the quality of the water. Water pollution stay ons pollutions in liquid forms like ocean pollution and river pollution. It involves the release of toxic substances, pathogenic germs, substances that require much oxygen to decompose, easy-soluble substances, radioactivity, etc. that interfere with the former of aquatic ecosystems.CausesWe can classify the major causes of water pollution into the following categoriesPetroleum ProductsSynthetic farming(a) Chemicals(fertilizers, pesticides) Heavy MetalsHazardous Wastes from homes and factoriesExcess Organic MatterInfectious OrganismsAir PollutionSoil PollutionEffectsDirect disposal of waste into natural waterways causes waste to build up within the water. When the acid rain falls, it contaminates local natural waterways including streams, rivers and lakes. This causes the death of many aquatic animals. Other animals drinking the water may become ill and die, too. Thermal pollution occurs when water used to cool hot machinery is released into waterways and the temperature of the water is drastically increased. This temperature change may cause aquatic life to die and numbers to be reduced. Additionally, such a temperature increase reductions the amount of oxygen in water, causing more of a chance of death to organisms.boozing polluted water can cause cholera or typhoid infections, along with diarrhea. The consumption of passing contaminated water can cause injury to the heart and kidneys. Toxins within water can harm aquatic organisms, thus breaking a link in the food chain. Causes algae in water. They decrease oxygen in water. Overgrowth of algae and surface life leading to loss of light and nutrients to heavyset aquatic life. The erosion of soil into waterways causes flooding, especially with heavy rainfall. Harms animals when they eat dead fish in contaminated streams.PreventionTreat domestic sewage water and use it to irrigate crops. Convert sewage goop to generate biogasUse residue from biogas for regeneration as organic manure. Reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizersTreat effluent from industries in effluent treatment plants before disposing them Reduce consumption of water in industries.Land or Soil pollutionSoil pollution or land pollution involves the following mechanism alluviation of solid wasteAccumulation of non-biodegradable materialsToxification of chemi cals into poisonsAlteration of soil chemical composition (imbalance of chemical equilibrium to soil medium)CausesWe can classify the major causes of land pollution into the following categories Agriculture (pesticides, insecticides)Cutting of trees for agriculture, mining, quarrying and constructions sewage SludgeDredged SpoilsDumping of household waste, industrial waste, non-biodegradable wastesEffectsLand pollutions leads to loss in the forest cover of Earth. This is in turn going to affect the amount of rain. Less rains mean lesser vegetation. One of the biggest threats to the eco-system caused by land pollution is chemical contamination. The biodegrade particles poison the ground itself. Animals eat the plants increase on such chiliad and even humans are all affected by these chemicals. When land pollution is bad enough, it damages the soil.This means that plants may fail to grow there, robbing the eco-system of a food source for animals. Invasive weeds that occur off the re maining sources of native vegetation can spring up in areas that have been change by pollution. In some cases, pollution can damage the soil to the point that vegetation no longer grows. This may lead to erosion of the soil. Polluted land has a negative impact on surrounding environments. Land pollution that contaminates soil can also contaminate waterways. Contaminated water that evaporates into the atmosphere can fall back to the earth as acid rain, causing the cycle of contamination and pollution to continue.PreventionSeparate wastes into biodegradable and non-biodegradable. Biodegradable wastes could be used as manure while non-biodegradable wastes should be recycled. Treat industrial effluents physically, chemically and biologically until they are less harmful. Use manures or biofertilisationinstead of their chemical alternatives Use designated pits for dumping of solid wastes.Noise pollutionNoise pollution means excessive disturbance in the environment which is annoying and potentially harmfulCausesIndustriesTransportation systemsConstruction worksLoudspeakersEntertainment systemsEffectsAuditory fatigueDeafnessAnnoyanceLoss of working efficiencyInterference in saving communicationPhysical disorder like stress, nausea, high blood pressure, sleep loss and increase in heartbeats. PreventionsTurning down the volume of music systems, radios, and televisions so as not to disturb others.Ban on loudspeakers in public placesCreating green belts between residential and industrial sectors.ConclusionPollution is a growing pain. Pollution is not a problem that came suddenly its our fault and has been a part of our life through many years. We must be wise in managing our resources, and take positive action towards preventing any forms of pollution to the environment.

Does Oedipus fall due to fate or due to flaw of his character Essay Example for Free

Does Oedipus fall due to fate or due to flaw of his character EssayIn the play, Oedipus the King, it was portrayed that Oedipus, the main protagonist, was destined to slay his bring forth and go to bed with his mother as foreseen by the illusionist of Delphi. Although Oedipus did un hunchingly kill his own father, Laius, and wed and slept with his own mother, Jocasta, it was the flaws in his character and attitude, and not fate entirely that conduct to his downfall. In short, even though he was fated to do what he did in the story, he had the option to avoid that fate. However, his very personality prevented him from doing so.In the story, Oedipus was illustrated as a wise and very good ruler. He was sympathetic and compassionate towards his people. However, give care most classical Greek tragic heroes, Oedipus also has flaws that eventually led to his downfall. Possibly his most celebrated flaws include his impulsiveness, rashness, stubbornness, and his tendency to make lapses or errors in judgment. These flaws were shown in several parts of the play, particularly during the duration when he was in the process of discovering the truth ab let on his past.When he recounts to his wife and mother, Jocasta, how he killed a conference of travelers, one of which was later revealed to be his biological father, Laius, on a crossroad, Oedipus showed that he is highly capable of be rash and short-tempered. Although he was merely defending himself, he could have simply run away and avoided putting to death the travelers. By doing so, he could have avoided killing his align father while also disproving the prophecy of the Oracle of Delphi.It was also during this scene in the play that Oedipus was portrayed as a man who moves greatly establish on impulse and does not think first before acting. Moreover, his rashness was also shown when Tiresias, the blind visionary, refused to dictate Oedipus of the truth about the piper of Laius. Although the prophet war ned him that the truth would be bring him only pain and suffering, Oedipus lull insisted and even threatened to accuse him of the murdering the fallen king himself.This forces Tiresias to reveal that it was Oedipus who killed Laius. Due to his short-temper, he accused the prophet of conspiring against him, which further showed how foolish he was. In addition, this also showed how blind Oedipus was because even though the truth was already being presented to him, he still refused to acknowledge it. Furthermore, it was his stubbornness and his desire to seek the truth that eventually led to his downfall.When he was still prince of the kingdom of Corinth, he overheard in a banquet that he was not the true child of the king and queen. He immediately sought the truth from the Oracle of Delphi, who simply told him that he would murder his own father and sleep with his own mother. This forced him to flee his home and it was during this time that he met the group of travelers whom he woul d all kill. After some time, he saved the kingdom of Thebes from the curse of the Sphinx by say its riddle.This led to this coronation as the king of Thebes and also led to his marriage to Jocasta, whom he did not know to be his biological mother at the time. Finally, when he became king he thence sought out to find the murderer of Laius, which set forth the chain of events that brought about his downfall. In other words, in his strong desire to seek the truth and avoid his fate, Oedipus became blinded and unwittingly fulfilled the prophecy of the oracle.Had he not left Corinth, he most probably would have not fulfilled the prophecy and avoided his doomed fate. In short, although it appeared that Oedipus was destined to fall, it was his very nature and lapses in judgment that sparked consequences which, he was not initially aware of. Moreover, it was his terminal flaws such as his arrogance and impulsiveness led him to kills his own father and marry his own mother. It can then be deduced that fate was greatly assisted by Oedipus nature and actions and did not act on its own.

Culture As Eldridge And Crombie Commerce Essay

Culture As Eldridge And Crombie Commerce EssayCulture, as Eldridge and Crombie (1974, cited in Burnes, 1996, p.112) stated, refers to the unique configuration of norms, determine, beliefs, ways of behaving and so on, that characterize the manner in which multitudes and individuals combine to get things done. all make-up has its own unique enculturation fifty-fifty though they may non have assay to neuter, manage or manipulate it. Rather it impart have been probably assortmentd, managed or manipulated , based on the values of the top management or core pot who build and/or direct that agreement. over time individuals (particularly the organizations leadership) attempt to transport, manage or manipulate the coating of their organizations to fit their own preferences or ever-ever-changing marketplace conditions.Then this refining influences the decision-making processes, it affects styles of management and what e genuinelyone determines as success. When an organization is created, it becomes its own world and its market-gardening becomes the foundation on which the organization will exist in the world.In the past decade, to a greater extent and more companies have assay to make signifi drive byt departs in the way that they manage their logical argumentes. In a world where rapid change has become the norm, a variety of forces have driven organizations to undertake task of changing their farming (Heifetz Hagberg, 2003).1.1 exposition of Organizational Culture in that location is no single definition for organisational horti refining. A variety of perspectives ranging from disciplines such(prenominal) as anthropology and sociology. Some of the definitions argon listed belowOrganizational glossiness is a series of instincts about live up to that is organized, and notice expression in language whose nuances argon special to the group (Becker and Geer 1960, cited in Michelson, 1996, p.16 ).Organizational cultivation is a series of unders tandings and meanings sh atomic number 18d by peoples that are relevant to special group which are passed on to naked members, and are tacit among members (Louis 1980, cited in Michelson, 1996, p.16).Organizational culture is a system of knowledge and standards for believing, evaluating and understanding etc that serve to environmental backgrounds (Allaire and Firsirotu 1984, cited in Michelson, 1996, p.16).Basic assumptions and beliefs have qabalisticer level that are involveed responses to internal integrations problems and survivals problems in groups external environment are shared by members of an organization that operate unaware and that define in a raw material taken -for-granted mode in an organizations view of itself and its environment (Schein 1988, cited in Michelson, 1996, p.16 ).2.0 CHANGING organisational tillageAll the organizations culture isnt static because the internal and external factors influence culture change, so culture will change. According to Burnes (1991, cited in Burnes, 1996, p.115) assumed that culture is locked into personal values, beliefs and norms of organization, because these conceptions change is difficult. This suit of organic culture will be slow if there isnt major shock to the organization. Its a big problem whether organisational culture domiciliate be changed or not. In the following, this problem will be discussed analyzing whether culture suffer be changed, and if it does, in what way.2.1 Culture finish be ChangedMany people take a more considered view while sharing the belief that culture green goddess be changed. Schein(1985,cited in Burnes, 1996, p.117) who is one of the more influential, believed that before any attempt is made to change an organizations culture, it is first necessary to understand the nature of its exist culture and how this is sustained. He argued that it spate be achieved byFor new members, analyzing the process of employment and inductionAnalyzing responses to precise events which are often translated into unwritten in history of organization. But rules of behavior are still very strong.Beliefs, values and assumptions of guardians and promoters of organizations culture are analyzedPaying especial attention to puzzling characteristics which have been observed.Scheins fire is to treat culture as an adaptive and tangible learning process, and emphasizes the way in which an organization communicates its culture to new members.For a variety of reasons, organizations may find that their existing culture is unsuitable or even harmful to their competitive inevitably. In such a situation, umteen organizations have decided to change their culture. subsequently a survey carried out in 1988 by Dobson (1988, cited in Burnes, 1996, p.116), Dobson states that these organizations sought to change culture by make the beliefs, values and attitudes of employees. Dobson identified a four-step approach to culture change based on these companies actionsStep 1 To change the composition of studyforce, organization can change policies of recruitment, survival of the fittest and redundancy so that prospects of promotion and employment are dependent on those controlling and displaying the beliefs and values that organization wishes to promote.Step 2 Organization may reorganize the workforce in order to make employees and managers who display the required traits to occupy positions of influence .Step 3 Organization can effectively communicate the new values by using a variety of regularitys such as one-to-one interviews, briefing groups, character reference circles, house journals, etc.Step 4 Organization can change systems and procedures that named with rewards and evaluations.Many peoples advocating culture change adopt a similar approach. Some of these underestimate the difficulty involved in changing culture. For example, Egan(1994, cited in Burnes, 1996, p.117) took just four pages to show how organizations could quickly, and with apparent eas e, identify and change their cultures. Gordon et al.(1985, cited in Burnes, 1996, p.117) conclude that this type of generic approach to culture has been criticized as being too simplistic, and putting forward recommendations which are further too general to be of use to individual organizations.Schwartz and Davis (1981, cited in Burnes, 1996, p.118) suggest that it should compare the strategic significance(importance to the organizations future) of the change with the cultural resistance when an organization is considering any form of change. They term this the cultural risk approach. They argue, it is possible for an organization to decide with a degree of certainty whether to ignore the culture, manage round it, attempt to change the culture to fit the strategy, or change the strategy to fit the culture.Though Schein (19841985, cited in Burnes,1996, p.118) believes that culture can be changed, he too argues that there is a negative side to creating a strong and cohesive organiz ational culture. Shared values make organizations resistant to certain types of change or strategic options regardless of their merit.Although many peoples believes the advisability of culture change and strong cultures in round situation, and someone question this , there are excessively people who believe that culture can not be changed or managed at all. Meek (1982, cited in Burnes,1996, p.119) commented that culture as a whole can not be manipulated, turned on or off, although it needs to be recognized that some organizations are in a better position than others to measuredly influence aspects of it culture should be regarded as something an organization is, not something it has it is not an breakaway variable nor can it be created, discovered or destroyed by the whims of management. Filby and Willmott(1988, cited in Burnes, 1996,p.119) also questioned the notion that management has the electrical condenser to control culture. They point out that this ignores the way in whi ch an individuals values and beliefs are conditioned by follow finished of exposure to the media, social activities, and previous occupational activities.A further factor against the feasibility of managing/changing culture is the ethical dimension. Van Maanen and Kunda(1989,cited in Burnes,1996, p.120) argued that managers attempt to control what employees feel and what they say or do tardily the interest in culture. Their argument is culture is a mechanism for training emotion that is a method of guiding the way people are expected to feel. It can be conceived that they attempt to change culture.barrel maker (1998) conclude three views relevant whether culture can be changed Root MetaphorIf peoples believe that culture is a root metaphor, they believe that there is no instant means about changing a culture which will be developed and which is passed on from generation to generation of the workforce. Cultural change will happen only by dint of the hundreds of forces acting betw een all the actors, but slowly. It cannot be pre-determined.External and independent variable If peoples believes that culture is an external and independent variable, they believe that there is little one can do to change a culture in the face of external social behaviours, values and beliefs that employees bring into the work place.Internal variableIf peoples believe that culture is an internal variable, they believe that the culture can be order and changed. However some revolve around on the more visible symbols and artifacts, many on peoples behavioral patterns, and others on peoples underlying behavior norms, values, and beliefs.2.2 How to Change CultureThere are many solutions to changing culture, some prescriptive (directive)others more philosophical (enabling) (Cooper,1998). The need for a change in culture is invariably precipitated by some significant, even critical, external environmental change.2.2.1 Management Directed Culture change through the actions and behavior of leaders rather than a process they prescribe a set of actions to create an environment. Peters and Austin (1985,cited in Cooper,1998) equates business and leadership with show business and thus the need to create the right atmosphere. So they advocate shaping values, symbolizing attention even to the point of saying it is the opposite of professional management . Drama can be just for impact and creating stories that get told time and time again, such as the when the founder of McDonalds request all managers chair backs to be sawn off so they would be more inclined to get out and meet the customer.Consensus building based on sharing developing high-trust between individuals allow time for people to change to set the direction but allow the employees to work out the details, more direct intervention, support the training to develop the new skills needed. Within atomized organization, managers will be both the bearers of culture as surface as its promoters.2.2.2 Management Enabl edAccording to Schein(1985, cited in Cooper,1998)organization need leadership to help the group learn new assumptions and unlearn some of its cultural assumptions when culture becomes dysfunctional. Leaders encourage groups to undergo group cue. The shoot is to surface the unconscious assumptions and values of the group as a prelude to changing them to meet the needs of a new environment.Schein had process worksGeneral Evolutionary Process this is change from within a group that is natural and inevitable and passes through predictable stages.Adaptation, Learning, or Specific Evolutionary Process here the environment causes responses by which the group learns and adapts.Revolutionary Process in this power is a disclose variable.Managed Process here there is a focus on what can and cannot be changed. Schein proposes that leaders are responsible for which model to adoptand for ensuring the group knows and agrees which model it is using.Burnes (1996) concludeIf organizational cultur e lack clear fuidelines, managers must make themselves to choice based on their own circumstances and perceived options as to whether to attempt to change their organizations culture.If organization lacks strong or suitable cultures which bind their members together in a common purpose and legitimate and guide decision-making, managers may find it difficult all(prenominal) to agree among themselves or to gain agreement from others in the organization.3.0 MANAGING ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURECultures are hardly planned or predictable they are the natural products of social interaction and develop and go forth over time. Someone believes that cultures can be shaped to suit strategic ends. Even if cultures can be managed is this necessarily a good thing? This is the tendency for culture to be promoted as a subterfuge for increasing organizational effectiveness.Culture spans the range of management thinking. Organizational culture has been one of the most put up buzzwords of popular mana gement. Why? Perhaps most importantly culture penetrates to the essence of an organization it almost equivalent with the concept of personality in relation to the individual and this acute sense of what an organization is its electric charge, core values seems to have become a necessary asset of the modern company. There is the contentious question of whether or not organizational culture can be managed or not. While there may be no definitive answer to the question.According to Bate (1994,cited in Willcoxson Millett, 2000, p.97) there exist two basic approaches to culture and strategy conforming (maintaining order and continuity) and transforming (changing and breaking existing patterns). The effectiveness of the chosen approach to organizational culture and strategy at any given time is dependent on contextual factors that relate to both the internal and the external environment. Thus, context determines a culture needs to be well-kept or changed, but the strategies adopted are very such(prenominal) determined by theperspective subscribed to by the manager or change agent. In dealing with the management of organisational culture, it is firstly necessary to identify as fully as possible the attributes of the existing or new target culture the myths, symbols, rituals, values and assumptions that confirm the culture. Allen et al.(1985, cited in Willcoxson Millett, 2000, p.97) concluded that action can be instigated in any of several key points of leveragerecruitment, selection and deputy -organization ensure that oppointments strength the existing cultures or support a culture change, that can affect culture management. Organization can change the culture by using removal and replacementsocialization -which is especially critical in fragmented organisational cultures. An existing or new culture can be provided by induction and subsequent development and training for acculturation and for improved interpersonal communication and teamworkperformance m anagement/reward systems -organization can highlight and encourage desired behaviors which may (or may not) in turn lead to changed values through using performance management/reward systems.leadership and good example executives, managers, supervisors can reinforce or assist in the overturning of existing myths, symbols, behaviour and values, anddemonstrates the universality and integrity of vision, mission or value statementsparticipation it is essential that participation of all organization members in cultural reconstruction or maintenance activities and associated input, decision making and development activities if long-term change is to be achieved in values, not just behaviors.interpersonal communication an existing organizational culture can be supported much by satisfying interpersonal relationships. Satisfying interpersonal relationships integrate members into a culture effective teamwork supports either change or development in and communication of culturestructures , policies, procedures and allocation of resources need to be congruous with organizational strategy and culture and objectives.The above constitute a number of many strategies and leverage points that can be used in organizations to manage an organization in terms of its overall culture. The management of culture is based on a understanding of the tacit and explicit aspects that make-up the existing culture.4.0 MANIPULATING ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURECulture determines what a group pays attention to and monitors in the externalenvironment and how it responds to this environment. Thus, as Bate (1994, cited inWillcoxson Millett, 2000 ) notes, for those who take an anthropologicalstance, organisational culture and organizational strategy are inextricably linked anddependent each other. Culture is not a separable aspect of an organisation, it is notreadily manipulated, and it is not created or maintained primarily by leaders.For the peoples who called as scientific rationalists, organisa tional culture is one aspect of the component parts of an organisation, a aspect that can be measured, manipulated and changed as organisational variables such as skills, strategy, structure, systems, style and staff. Organisational culture is primarily a set of values and beliefs that articulated by leaders to guide the organisation, translated by managers and employees into appropriate behaviours and reinforced through rewards and sanctions. Scientific rationalist peoples thus tend to talk about culture as if it is a definable thing the culture of the organisation the organisation has a service culture and their strategies for change focus on modular, design-and-build activity often related to structures, procedures and rewards.5.0 CONCLUSIONSOrganizational cultures are created or changed by people. In part, an organizations culture is also created and cahnged by the organizations leadership. Leaders at the executive level are the principle source for the generation and re-infus ion of an organizations ideology. What constitutes organisational culture and its perceived role in organisational are argued, resting on perceptions of culture either as a historically-based, change-resistant, deep social system which underpins all organisational strategy and action, or as just one aspect of the congeries organisational system, manipulable though surface structures such as rewards. The model adopted will determine which of the key points of leverage are deemed most likely to achieve the desired outcome of cultural maintenance or change. The perspective adopted will determine the focus of cultural change, development or maintenance activities. There are no definitive answers to questions about whether culture can be changed, managed and manipulated or not. There are different views about this question. The view of yours based on your knowledge, experience about organizational culture. Although there are no definitive answer to question, you can conclude a answer wh ich fit your view through analyzing of this paper.